Galaxies - class-VI

Orion can be also be seen during winter in the late evenings. 

Ursa Minor is located at the north celestial pole and contains the famous Little Dipper asterism, with Polaris, the North Star, located at the end of the dipper handle.

Milky Way is spiral in shape.

The age of universe is approximately 13.82 billion years. It is the time that has passes since the Big Bang that started the building of matter, time and space itself. Time had no existence before the Big Bang.
Hence correct answer is option C.

The spectrum of light coming from galaxies have spectral lines of hydrogen ,sodium etc. We compare the spectral lines obtained from galaxy to the spectral lines obtained in laboratory of the same element .If the spectral lines of galaxy are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum (red shift) it means the galaxy is going away from earth . This implies that universe is expanding .This is one of the applications of Doppler's effect .

The solar system is the planetary system, where we live. It consists of the Sun and its planets, including the Earth.

Galaxies are defined on the basis of their shape.

The family of a star is called a galaxy.

The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the solar system to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years.
The solar system is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km/h or 514,000 mph within its trajectory around the galactic center, which is about one 1300th of the speed of light speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds.

As per Hubble Expansion Law, $H=\displaystyle \frac{V}{R}$,

Age of universe is about 15 billion years

Distance between galaxy Andromeda and Earth is $2\times { 10 }^{ 6 }$

A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system consisting of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.

Vaikunth is the name of the Andromeda galaxy. 

Galaxies are innumerous in the earth and are described by various shape which include irregular shape, spiral shape, eliptical shape and barred. 

According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe started as energy concentrated at a single point, and spread out with time and cooled as it did to form matter from the energy that is possessed, creating lighter particles initially and forming heavier elements and molecules later. The age of the universe is around 13.82 billion years, which is the time there has been for the universe spreading.

A constellation is a group of stars that appear to form a recognizable pattern or shape in the night sky as viewed from Earth.

Using the formula for orbital velocity v = sqrt(GM/r), where r is the radius (half the diameter) and v is the speed, we can solve for M. Given diameter = 15 light years (r = 7.5 light years), v = 200,000 m/s, and the constants, the calculation yields approximately 4.3 x 10^37 kg.

Ans: Spiral 

The Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest major spiral galaxy to our own Milky Way galaxy.

Stars are not scattered randomly through space they are gathered together into vast groups also known as galaxies.

Milky way is the galaxy which contains as our solar system hence it also contains sun.

The milk way galaxy cluster is also known as the local supercluster as local group.

They show dark absorption light which tells us about the temperature of star like oxide lines are there only in cool stars while hot stars show helium lines.