Transport and communication in tamil nadu - class-X

• The Southern Railway has its headquarters at Chennai Central.

The East Coast Road (ECR) that is built along the coast of the Bay of Bengal connects Chennai and Cuddalore via Pondicherry. It gives rise to spectacular scenic views with beaches and fishermen hamlets. Presently, the ECR has been extended to Thuthukudi via Chidambaram, Nagapattinam and Ramanathapuram.

The number of registered vehicle population in Tamil Nadu had increased to 10.064 million in 2007-08.

In Tamil Nadu, the total length of railway tracks is about 5,952 km and total number of railway stations is 532 to connect all the major cities of Tamil Nadu.

The movement of goods was speeded up by the development of Railways. Maximum economies are typically realized with bulk commodities especially when hauled over long distances. However, shipment by rail is not as flexible as by highway, which has resulted in much freight being hauled by truck, even over long distances. Moving goods by rail often involves transshipment costs, particularly when the shipper or receiver lack direct rail access. These costs may exceed that of operating the train itself, a factor that practices such as containerization aim to minimize.

• Southern Railway has its headquarters in  Chennai Central  and has the following six divisions:
  

•  1. Chennai 
•  2. Madurai 
•  3. Palakkad 
•  4. Thiruvananthapuram 
•  5. Tiruchirapalli 
•  6. Salem

• Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 5,952 km (3,698 mi) and there are 532 railway stations in the state.

• The Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus (CMBT) is a modern bus terminus located in Chennai, India, providing outstation transport services. Spread over an area of 37 acres in Koyambedu.
  
• It is one of the largest bus terminus in Asia and is accredited with the ISO 9001-2000 quality certification for its quality management and excellence. It is located on the 100 feet (30 m) inner-ring road in Koyambedu.
  

The Golden Quadrilateral Project of the National Highway Development that runs for about 1,232 km in Tamil Nadu has been completed.

Chennai Regional Transport office is the largest in Tamil Nadu. Along with several types of facilities, RTO office in Chennai allows road transport to act uniquely as best transport mode for small distances linking rural, suburban region to cities; other transport modes are not suited to this act.

Communication
is sending and receiving information between two or more people. The means
through which ideas and information are exchanged are called means of
communication. It includes devices which we use to talk, or to send message from one
end to others; or from one person to other. 

• Tamil Nadu has a coastline of about 1,076 km (669 mi) which is the country's second longest coastline. 

• Chennai Port, is the second largest container port of India.
• Ennore Port, officially renamed Kamarajar Port Limited, is located on the Coromandel Coast about 24 km north of Chennai Port, Chennai.
• Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) Port is an artificial deep-sea harbour.

• Two major categories under which water transport can be divided are as follows: 1. Inland Waterways 2. Ocean or Sea Transport.

Anna International Airport is the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi. It is connected to 19 countries and operating more than 169 direct flights every week.

Buckingham
Canal is a long fresh water navigation canal. It is running parallel to the
Coromandel Coast of South India from Kakinada in the East Godavari district of
Andhra Pradesh to Villupuram District in Tamil Nadu. Its length is 796 kilometres.
The canal was used to convey goods up and down the coast from Vijayawada to Chennai.
But, this channel has lost its importance now. It was damaged due to the
cyclones of 1965-1966 and 1976. It is little used and no longer well maintained.
It is badly polluted from sewage and industrial effluents in Chennai.

• Vedaranyam is a town in Nagapattinam district  of Tamil Nadu.
  
• Salt from Vedaranyam was transported to Nagapattinam port through a 32 mi (51 km) long canal.
  

Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project (SSCP) aims at creating a navigation channel from the Indian Ocean to the Bay of Bengal through Gulf of Mannar, Adam's Bridge, Palk Bay and Palk Strait within the Indian border. This project is of strategic importance as it connects the neighbouring continents and countries. It also acts as a catalyst for industrial development, super trade and commerce advance coastal shipping and generate employment.

• Coimbatore International Airport is the primary airport serving the city of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. 
• Tiruchirappalli International Airport is an international airport serving Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. 
• Chennai International Airport is the fourth busiest airport in India in terms of total passenger traffic after Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore.

Indian Radio Broadcasting, which was started in 1927, became All India Radio (AIR) in 1936. AIR has 15 radio stations in Tamil Nadu.

Chennai Port, the third oldest port among the 12 major ports, is an emerging port hub in the East Coast of India. This gateway port for all cargo has completed 135 years of glorious service to the nation’s maritime trade. Maritime trade started way back in 1639 on the sea shore Chennai. An artificial harbor was built and the operations were started in 1881. 

There are 64 vehicular zones in Tamil Nadu. Among the Regional Transport Offices, Chennai is the largest one which has 61 centres.