Rural livelihoods - class-VII

Shekhar who is a small farmer, at the time of harvesting take the help of other small farmers and in turn help them harvest their field.

Ramalingam is a large farmer who has twenty acres of paddy fiels in Kalpattu village of Tamil Nadu.

Thulasi worked on the lands of Ramalingam. He worked for transplanting paddy, weeding and harvesting. He gets 40 rupees per day by Ramalingam.

The percentage of large famers like Ramalingama's in India is 20%..

When one of Thulasi's daughter fell ill, she borrowed money from Ramalingam for her treatment. They had to sell their cow to pay back the money they borrowed from Ramalingama for treatment of their daughter.

In coastal area we find fishing villages. As in these areas, houses are very close to the sea, fishing is the main source of income of the people of tehse area.

Sekar is a small farmer in Kalpattu village in Tamil Nadu. His family owns two acres of lands. Traders gave him seeds and fertilizers as a loan.

Ramalingam in Kalpattu village is a big farmer who has twenty acres of paddy field. He lend money to the small farmer and poor people.

A heated argument began between Raghu and Mohan because Raghu had taken over some of Mohan's land.

A daughter wants only a place of her own.

Farmers rely on the informal sources of credit as it is the easiest way to borrow funds, even though the rate of interest is high. So they often borrow money from the moneylenders in the form of loans to purchase the basic things for their farms like pesticides, seeds, cattle, fertilizers, etc.

Not very far from Kalpattu is a village of Pudupet. People here earn their living by fishing. Their houses are close to the sea and fishing is the only source of income for them. The catamaran catches the fish and the women sell those fishes in the nearby market.

False. 

In India, nearly two-fifths of all rural families are agricultural labourers. Some of them have small plots while other are landless and works on other's land for the livelihood. They are not being able to earn sufficient money to carry out their families.

At about 7 O'clock in the morning, there is a lot of activity on the beach. This the time when the catamarans return with their catch and women gather and sell the fishes to the nearby market.

Rural people in the different region of the country grow different crops. These crops are wheat, rice, gram, barley, bajra, maize, millets, oats, sugarcane, etc., produced at the various regions of the country like Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Bihar, Rajasthan, etc.

Non-farm work is that type of work that does not include farming or agricultural activity. Non-Farm work includes repairs, constructions, mining, household manufacturing, pot and utensils making etc. Non-farm worker includes every person engaged in these activity i.e blacksmiths, nurses, teachers, washerman, barbers, weavers, cycle repair mechanics, labourers, maids, etc.

True.

One of the earliest estimations of poverty was done by Dadabhai Naoroji in his book, 'Poverty and the Un-British Rule in India'. He formulated a poverty line ranging from Rs 16 to Rs 35 per capita per year, based on 1867-68 prices.

Estimates of poverty in India vary by source and year, but 260 million is a commonly cited figure in historical economic textbooks for the number of people living below the poverty line. Other options are significantly lower than the standard estimates used in such academic contexts.

Farmers grow crops for selling it to meet their day to day needs. They do not grow crops for their self-consumption. They do consume some part of it but most of its part is sold out by them.

Agriculture is an intensive process. Growing crops on land involved various steps. These are as follows:

Poverty is widely considered the most fundamental challenge for post-independence India, as it is the root cause of many other issues like malnutrition, illiteracy, and unemployment. While the other options are serious problems, they are largely symptoms or consequences of widespread poverty.

People in rual areas earns their living in various ways. Some work on farms and produce crops and earn their living by selling it while others do non-farm works that are not related to agriculture or farming. Non-farm works comprise mining, making pots and utensils, construction, repairs, etc.

Rural non-farm work includes all the economic activities which are not related to farming or agricultural activities. The rural non-farm activities include handicrafts making, making of pots and utensils, repairs, construction, mining, household manufacturing, making bullock-carts, etc.

Sekhar is a farmer. He doesn't have much land. He does all the works on his own. He doesn't have much money. For his agriculture land, he often takes the help from the trader in the form of money to borrow the basic things for his farm like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides etc. This money is a kind of loan given by the traders.

Historically, Bihar and Orissa (now Odisha) have consistently ranked among the poorest states in India based on various poverty indices and economic development data. Other combinations do not reflect the historically recognized poorest regions.