Food Security and Green Revolution in India - Class X

Green Revolution referred to the increase in the production of food grains as a result of using HYV (high yielding variety of seeds). Green Revolution used fertilisers and pesticides to increase productivity. 

The first phase of the green revolution was from the mid 1960s up to the mid-1970s. It took place to combat the low productivity from agriculture.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

During the third Five Years Plan (1961-66), the priorities were on self-sufficiency in food grains, meeting the raw material needs of industries and increase in exports. During this period, Green Revolution programme was started on a small scale. During the fourth five year plan,  High Yielding Variety (HYV) of seeds, fertilizer use, new agriculture techniques and irrigation facilities provided to expand area of Green Revolution

First Green Revolution started in India - 1967-1968. The Green Revolution refers to a set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production world wide.

The green revolution refers to an unexpected and revolutionary spurt in the production of crops. A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of a high yield variety of seeds, the use of pesticides, and improved management techniques. The green revolution did not succeed in all the states. Only a few states like Punjab, Haryana, and crops like rice were major beneficiaries. There wasn't an increased production of all food grains and crops. It focused mainly on wheat and rice.

Mining is not the component of green revolution. 
Components of Green Revolution are as follows:
a) HYV Seeds
b) Pesticides
c) Fertilizers
d) Irrigation.

Green Revolution had both positive and negative effect on the economy such as:
a) Laborers are exploited.
b) Opportunities for employment increased in the village.
c) It was hardly beneficial to small farmers.
d) Big farmers benefitted and became richer.
e) Per capita income increased and national income also increased.
f) Inter-regional and intraregional disparities increased.
g) Unexpected increases were recorded in the production and productivity of crops.etc.

Merits of HYV seeds are as follows:-
a) have shorter life cycle thereby enabling farmers to go for multiple cropping.
b) do not require any special skill for adoption
c) all categories of farmers can use it and it benefits all categories of farmers in the same proportion.
d) needs a lot of water for better returns. 

The green revolution refers to an unexpected and revolutionary spurt in the production of crops . A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of high yield variety of seeds , the use of pesticides and improved management techniques . Wheat and Rice were the two most successful crops of the Green Revolution.

Norman Borlaug is known as the father of green revolution in the world but in India Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is known as father of green revolution. Green revolution that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960. The initiatives resulted in the adoption of new technologies.

Objectives of the Green revolution were are:-
a) Self reliance in food production.
b) Self reliance in food security.
c) Increasing income and employment and supporting rural development.
d) Modernization of agriculture.
e) Support modernization of rural infrastructure .etc.

The green revolution refers to an unexpected and revolutionary spurt in the production of crops. A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of a high yield variety of seeds, the use of pesticides, and improved management techniques.

Green revolution has negative as well as positive effects. Some of the negative effects can be stated as follows - 
a) increase in irrigation created need for more dams to harness water
b) more chemical fertilizers made the soil barren and poisonous
c) many traditional variety of crops which are environment friendly and had disease resistance capacity became extinct
d) more irrigation increased the alkalinity and salinity of the soil and also it depletes the underground water level. 

Cropping pattern refers to proportion of area under different crops at different points of time. It also indicates the time and spatial arrangement or sequence of crops and or fallow in a particular land area.

CACP is an acronym for Commission for Agriculture Cost and Prices. It is a decentralised agency of the Government of India. Earlier it was established as the Agricultural Price Commission. However, it was given its present name in the year 1985. It has its headquarters in New Delhi.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

The new National Agricultural Policy 2000, has been described as 'rainbow Revolution' which includes various revolutions.
Green Revolution - Foodgrains
White Revolution - Milk
Yellow Revolution - Oilseeds
Blue Revolution - Fisheries
Red Revolution - Meat and Tomato 
Golden Revolution - Fruits
Grey Revolution - Fertilizer
Black / Brown Revolution - Non- conventional Energy sources
Silver Revolution - Egg
Round Revolution - Potato

High Yield variety (HIY) seeds are the seeds of supreme quality which yields a high surplus and volume crop as compared to the normal ones. These seeds were used as strategic plan in green revolution to promote the better quality of crops at a reasonable rate. 

Green Revolution was a period of using modern methods or technology to increase productivity. It included the use of HYV seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. Indian agriculture was converted into an industrial system. It had both positive and negative impacts. The second Green Revolution is being planned to improve the production of agro-commodities, especially in North-Eastern states.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Availability of food means sufficient quantities of food with appropriate quality, supplied through domestic production or imports, including food aid. Availability of food grain is given by domestic production net of feed, seed and wastage plus net imports plus draw-down of stocks.

Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) was introduced with effect from June 1997. The focus of the TPDS is on “poor in all areas”. Under the scheme, the government issues 10 kg of foodgrains per family per month for the population Below Poverty Line (BPL) at specially subsidized prices. 

Food security is a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals' access to it without sacrificing both its quality and quantity. Food grains are always at a deficit in India or compromised with its quality and quantity.

The Government has launched several Poverty Alleviation Programmes that comprise a component of food security. Some of these programmes are- Mid-Day Meals, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), and Food-For-Work (FFW) etc.

National food for work programme
was launched in November, 2004 by the minister of rural development. The objective
of this scheme is to give employment to Indian poors who can undertake
unskilled jobs and thus also maintaining food security.  

National Food Security Mission was announced in October 2007, during the 12^th five-year plan. The objective of launching this scheme was to increase the production of good grains like rice, wheat, pulses, cereals, etc. This was done with the view of growing population and their increasing consumption needs. And to ensure food security of the country. 

Green Revolution is the Intensive plan of the 1967 to increase crop yields in developing countries by introducing higher-yielding strains of plant and new fertilizers. It developed new strains of high yield variety seeds, mainly wheat and rice and also millet and corn.

Green revolution is a revolution in the field of agriculture which improved the yield drastically by employing high yielding variety plants. It was introduced in India in the year 1967. Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is considered as  father of green revolution in India.

Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian geneticist and international administrator, renowned for his leading role in India's Green Revolution a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. Swaminathan is known as "Indian Father of Green Revolution" for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India.

The Green Revolution in India was a period when agriculture in India increased its yields due to improved agronomic technology. Green Revolution allowed developing countries, like India, to overcome poor agricultural productivity. It started in India in the early 1960s and led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh during the early phase. The main development was higher-yielding varieties of wheat, which were developed by many scientists, including American agronomist Dr. Norman Borlaug, Indian geneticist M. S. Swaminathan, and others. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research also claims credit for enabling the Green Revolution, in part by developing rust resistant strains of wheat.