Other objects in solar system - class-VII

Meteorite is the part of meteor which reaches the earth's surface.

Halley's comet is named after the scientist Halley who saw it first time.

Occurance of comets is a natural phenomenon and there is nothing superstitious about it. Many comets appear after fixed time interval for example, Halley"s comet which appears once in every 76 years.

Meteors are small objects that sometimes enter the Earth"s atmosphere. However, due to the high speed of the meteor friction is created between its surface and Earth"s atmosphere causing it to heat up. Thus it glows and evaporates quickly and appears for a very short period of time as a bright streak of light.

Comets revolve around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit such that at one end of the orbit it is very far from the Sun and at the other end it is near to the Sun.

A comet generally appears as a bright head with a long tail.

Meteorites are useful mainly because they help the scientists in studying the material from which the solar system was formed.

Some meteors are large enough to reach the Earth's surface before they evaporate completely. Such meteors that reach the surface of Earth are called meteorites.

Asteroids are rock-like structures that occupy the huge gap between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 

Meteors that are small in size evaporate before they can reach the surface of Earth due to the heat generated because of friction between the meteor's surface and Earth's atmosphere. Only the bigger ones reach the surface of the Earth.

Despite its name, shooting stars are not actually stars. Shooting star is either a piece of a small rock or dust from space that heats up when is enters the Earth's atmosphere. Shooting stars are basically meteors.

Both asteroids and meteors are part of solar system.

In the outer Solar System, comets remain frozen and are extremely difficult or impossible to detect from Earth due to their small size. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, solar radiation causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. The streams of dust and gas thus released form a huge, extremely tenuous atmosphere around the comet called coma, and sun's radiation pressure and solar wind cause the tail to point away from the Sun.

Orbital period of Halley's comet is $76$ years.

The asteroid belt is a region of space located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, containing the majority of the solar system's asteroids.

The asteroid belt is situated in the orbital space between Mars and Jupiter.

The tail of comets so formed, When comets come closer to the sun, because the sun's heat vaporizes some of the comets' material, releasing dust particles that were trapped in the ice.

The first and largest, Ceres, was discovered Jan. 1, 1801, by the Italian astronomer Father Piazzi (1746–1826).

The streams of dust and gas thus released from a huge extremely tenous atmosphere around the comet called coma and force exerted on coma by the sun's radiation pressure and solar wind cause an anormous tail form which points away from the sun

Ans: Meteor

Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt and is classified as a dwarf planet. It contains about one-third of the total mass of the entire asteroid belt.

Halley's Comet has an orbital period of approximately 75 to 76 years. Adding 76 years to its last appearance in 1986 results in the year 2062.

Ans: Satellite

Ans 4600 million years

Meteors seldom reach earth because of vapourization caused when they pass the atmosphere.

In addition to celestial objects like $\textit{Comets}$, we also have  $\textit{Asteroids}$ which are small rocky bodies orbiting the sun and mostly found in the belt (region) between Mars and Jupiter. While there are also other asteroids lying beyond this region whose paths often come in close proximity with orbit of earth. \par Many a times collision between two asteroids, can result in small pieces breaking off from the bodies. These pieces are called $\textit{meteoroids}$. If a meteoroid enters the earth's atmosphere, it vaporizes and turns into a $\textit{meteor}$.

In solar system, the Oort cloud is the farthest from the sun.

As a comet approaches the sun, solar radiation pressure and the solar wind push the ionized gases and dust particles away from the sun, creating the characteristic tail.