Introduction to morphology of plants - class-XI

Explanation: In biology, explant culture is a technique used for the isolation of cells from a piece or pieces of tissue. Tissue harvested in this manner is called an explant. It can be a portion of the shoot, leaves, or some cells from a plant, or can be any part of the tissue from an animal, or from umblical cord tissue.

Triticum aestivum, commonly known as bread wheat, is a hexaploid organism, meaning it contains six sets of chromosomes (6n).

Coffee belongs to family Rubiaceae (A-3). Chocolate (cacao) belongs to Sterculiaceae (B-4). Opium poppy belongs to Papaveraceae (C-2). Vanilla belongs to Orchidaceae (D-1). This matches option D.

Cardamom belongs to Zingiberaceae (a-4). Fenugreek belongs to Papilionaceae or Fabaceae (b-3). Peppermint belongs to Labiatae or Lamiaceae (c-2). Saffron belongs to Iridaceae (d-1). This corresponds to code D.

Cuscuta is a total stem parasite (A-3). Loranthus is a partial stem parasite (B-4). Orobanche is a total root parasite (C-1). Santalum (sandalwood) is a partial root parasite (D-2). This matches option C.

Asafoetida belongs to family Umbelliferae, Cinnamon to Lauraceae, Saffron to Iridaceae, and Turmeric to Zingiberaceae. Matching these correctly gives A-3, B-2, C-1, and D-4.

Asopalav is the common name of the tree Polyalthia longifolia. It is also called as false ashok due to its leaf shape. Among the given plants it takes longest time to grow about 10 years.

Auxin is produced by shoot tip and acts as a growth promoter for apical bud and inhibit the growth of lateral buds. When a terminal bud is removed, the nearest axillary buds begin to grow and the plant branches rapidly. In case of mulberry plants, pruning is done to remove apical dominance and causes more branching of the main body of the plant.

Pneumatophores are specialized respiratory roots that grow upward out of the water or mud to exchange gases. They are a typical feature of halophytic plants found in mangrove swamps.

Only Nicotiana tobacum, Brinjal, and Capsicum belong to the family Solanaceae.

Isotype (in plant scientific classification) A plant example that is a copy of or fundamentally the same as the sort example and can be utilized as a source of perspective example if the sort example is lost.

A. Procambium is a plant tissue that came from the apical meristem which made the vascular bundles i.e, the xylem and the phloem.

B. Intercalary meristems are residual apical meristems that exist at the nodes and internodes which increases the length of the plant.

C. Phellogen is also famous as cork cambium which is a lateral meristem. It increases the girth of the plant.

D. The apical meristem is placed at the root and shoots tip. It helps in the primary growth of a planet by increasing the length of the plant.

The lateral meristem which occurs on the lateral side of the longitudinal axis stem. It is parallel to the longitudinal axis and also responsible for increasing the girth of a plant (secondary growth).

So, the correct answer is 'Phellogen'.

The correct option is C.

Coleorhiza is the protective covering of the radicle (IV), Apogamy is development without gametes (I), Indusium is the protective structure of a sorus (V), and Caudex is an unbranched stem (III). This matches IV, I, V, III.

Extinction of one species automatically causes extinction of the other species in certain obligatory mutualistic relationship.

The 2000-year-old seeds excavated from King Herod's palace near the Dead Sea were identified as Phoenix dactylifera (the date palm).

Mangroves develop specialized roots known as pneumatophores, which emerge above the soil surface to facilitate oxygen uptake in anaerobic, waterlogged mud. This adaptation is essential for survival in coastal intertidal zones.

Sinapis alba relates to phototropism, Barley roots to the Tanda effect, Mougetia to chloroplast movement, and Arabidopsis to phytochrome gene expression. This matches A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3.

(a) Those plants which grow best in shade or diffused light are called sciophytes or helioPhobous or PhotoPhobous or shade loving plants.

Dioecious plants have male and female flowers on separate individuals. This physical separation prevents both autogamy (self-pollination within the same flower) and geitonogamy (pollination between flowers on the same plant).

Portulaca species typically grow prostrate or trailing on the ground, spreading horizontally rather than standing erect. They are common succulent weeds or garden plants exhibiting a prostrate habit.

A phytotron is a specialized facility designed for growing plants under strictly controlled environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and light.

Secondary compounds are complex chemicals made by plants that are not essential to the life of the plant. They are thought to be produced primarily as pesticides and anti-grazing agents, but they also used as pigments, hormones and chemical agents that can attack other plants.