Rural Economics and Agriculture - Class V

1. Dairy farming is a non-farm activity. Dairy farming is a class of enterprise, for long term production of milk, usually not only from dairy cows, but also from goats, sheep and camels, which may either be processed on-site or transported to a dairy factory for processing and eventual retail sale.
   2. Some of the main non-farming activities are:
        (i) Diary farming; 
        (ii) Small scale cottage industry; 
        (iii) Shop-keeping; 
        (iv) Transport; 
         (v) PCO. 
   
   

Dairy farming is an act of milk production, processing and marketing through various traditional as well as modern technologies. In rural India it is one of the main occupations for the sustainability. Though India is the major milk producer, farming techniques are not well developed.

For non-farm activities to expand, access to markets is essential to sell products and services, ensuring economic viability.

Workers engaged in non-farm activities in rural areas on an average are 24%. Estimates suggest that 92% of Indian labourers are engaged in the unorganised sector while the organised segment constitutes the remaining 8%. Further, it can be noted that 95% of female workers and 89% of male workers are engaged in the unorganised segment in India. 

Rural non-farm activities include value chain activities, such as agro-processing, transport, distribution, marketing, and retail, as well as tourism, manufacturing, construction and mining, plus self-employment activities.

Thus, the correct option is D.

One-fourth  means 25% of the population of Palampur is engaged in non-farming activities like shop-keeping, dairy, manufacturing and transport.
Shop-keepers buy goods from wholesalers in Shahpur and sell them in Palampur. Milk from the dairies in Palampur is transported daily to Raiganj. Some traders from Shahpur have set up collection centres and chilling plants at Raiganj, from where milk is supplied to other towns and cities.

Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product. Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises. In developed countries, dairy farms typically consist of high producing dairy cows. Other species used in commercial dairy farming include goats, sheep, and camels. In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants.

Non-farming activities are the activities which are not related to farming or agricultural activities. Non-farming employment is defined as any form of employment other than farm employment such as manufacturing, shop-keeping etc.