Interdependence - class-X

Powerful explosion on West 23rd Street in Chelsea Neighbourhood of Manhattan injured 29 people on 17th September.

Nelson Mandela was a non-violent anti-apartheid activist, politician, and philanthropist who was also South Africa's first black president from 1994 to1999. For about 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, nonviolent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies. A symbol of global peacemaking, he also won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his efforts to dismantle the Racist or Apartheid system in South Africa.

The Trusteeship Council is made of five permanent members of Security Council, those are China, France, Russian, United Kingdom and United States. Trusteeship Council is authorized to examine and discuss reports from the Administering Authority on the social, economic, political, educational advancement of the people of Trust Territories. The Trusteeship Council suspended its operation  on 1 November 1994, dropped its obligation to meet annually and agreed to meet as occasion required.   

Chandigarh is a union territory and serves as the capital of Punjab and Haryana state. Chandigarh union territory was constituted on 1st November 1966, when Indian Punjab was reorganized along linguistics lines into Hindi speaking Haryana and Punjabi speaking Punjab. It is a post independence planned city by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier. 

Manipur was elevated from the status of Union Territories to State by North-Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act 1971. Nagaland state was carved out of the state of Assam by the State of Nagaland Act, 1962. Sikkim became 22nd state of India on 15th May 1975. Daman and Diu is the Union Territory on western India comprising of two widely separated district. Hence, option B is correct answer.

On June 12, 1964, Nelson Mandela and seven of his comrades were jailed for life in what became known as the Rivonia Trial. Mandela was an anti-Apartheid activist, which means he fought for those who were disadvantaged by the system of racial segregation in South Africa. Hence, Option A is correct. 

In India there are 29 states and 7 union territories. 

"Long Walk to Freedom" is an autobiographical work written by South African President Nelson Mandela, and first published in 1994 by Little Brown & Co. The book profiles his early life, coming of age, education and 27 years in prison. Under the apartheid government, Mandela was regarded as a terrorist and jailed on the infamous Robben Island for his role as a leader of the then-outlawed ANC.

Nice citizens were the victims of a terror attack, when a terrorist at the wheel of a heavy truck slammed into crowds celebrating Bastille Day in French city Nice.

• President Francois Hollande said that France was filled with sadness by this new tragedy. Theres no denying the terrorist nature of this attack.
• Driver identified by the police as a 31-year-old Tunis born Frenchman also opened fire before officers shot him dead and was wanted by the police in connection with crimes like theft and violence.
• ISIS claimed responsibility on 16th July 2016 for the terror attack by Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel who used a hired lorry to kill 84 people in a Bastille day rampage.
• The attacker carried out the operation in response to calls to target the citizens of coalition nations fighting IS.

Nelson Mandela was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist. He served as the president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism. He was born on 18th July 1918.

The system of forced racial segregation in South Africa was known as apartheid. It was abolished in the year 1991 after a long struggle of great personalities like Nelson Mandela.

Nelson Mandela was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist. He served as the president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalized racism.

Nelson Mandela was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist. Fighting against racism Mandela served 27 years in prison, initially on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. President F.W. de Klerk ordered Nelson Mandela’s release from prison in the year 1990.

Terrorism means the systematic use of terror as a means of coercion. It refers to those violent acts which are intended to create fear. Such acts are based on religious, political or ideological goal causing heavy damage to men and materials. Apart from these, terrorism creates heavy psychological impact.  Examples of terrorist groups include ISIS, Lashkar- e-taiba etc.

ISIS stands for Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. It is also known as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. It is a militant group that follows a fundamentalist, Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.

South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist Nelson Mandela passed away in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013. Fighting against racism Mandela served 27 years in prison.

The Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA) was an Act passed by the Parliament of India in 2002, with the objective of strengthening anti-terrorism operations. The Act was enacted due to several terrorist attacks that were being carried out in India and especially in response to the attack on the Parliament.

Among the given options Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi are assassinated by action of terrorist group. Lal Bahdur Shastri the second prime minister of India was not assassinated but passed away due to health effects in Uzbekistan during the time of Tashkent agreement in order to end Indo-Pakistan War of 1965. 

In 1989, F.W. de Klerk became South African president and set about dismantling apartheid. De Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC, suspended executions, and in February 1990 ordered the release of Nelson Mandela.

On 29^th September 2016 Indian Army conducted surgical strikes on terror launch pads across the LoC. Along with it India withdrew MFN status of Pakistan. MFN stands for most favoured nation which was granted to Pakistan in 1996.

In 1989, F.W. de Klerk became South African president and set about dismantling apartheid. De Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC, suspended executions, and in February 1990 ordered the release of Nelson Mandela.

Petitions in the US and UK have declared Pakistan the neighbouring country of India as a state sponsor of terrorism. Petition was made to white house with more than 6 lakh signatures to declare Pakistan as state sponsor of terrorism.

Following deadly attacks by ISIS in Nice and Istanbul, India and Malaysia have agreed to engage with one another on combating the threat posed by the global terrorist organisation. This is because India and Malaysia are two democratic countries aimed to combat terror groups which are attracting youngsters with extremist ideology.

On 2 January 2016 a heavily armed terrorist group attacked Pathankot Air Force Station. The operation launched by the Indian Army to neutralise the attackers was called "Operation Dhangu" or "Dhangu Suraksha", named after the place Dhangu where the base is located.

The Westphalia order recognized Nation's complete sovereignty and it's the authority to determine the matter within the boundaries without any interference from outside. It assumes the authority of a state as highest except when the state gives consent otherwise. The Post -Westphalia order depicts the era in which international organizations are becoming increasingly independent sites of authority. The non-state actors are becoming authoritative in determining world order and they would exercise the authority in such a manner that it could endanger the basic human rights, democracy and rule of law for the promotion of which these organizations are formed. The state sovereignty is undermined though on a humanitarian basis but intervention and supra authority in the name of maintaining international order can be observed in the post-cold war era.

The term Naxalism derives its name from the village Naxalbari in West Bengal. It was started in West Bengal and slowly spread across East India especially in the less developed rural areas of Chattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. Naxalism is considered to be far-left radical communists that support Maoist political sentiments and ideology.

Nelson Mandela was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist. He fought against racial discrimination in South Africa. For his immense work against apartheid Nelson Mandela received Nobel peace prize in the year 1993.