Our Dynamic Earth - Earth Science

Paleomagnetic data from the Indian subcontinent shows that it was once part of Gondwana and drifted northwards over millions of years to collide with the Eurasian plate. This movement is a well-established fact in plate tectonics.

The Western Ghats are an escarpment formed by the faulting and subsequent subsidence of the western part of the Indian peninsula during the breakup of Gondwanaland. This created the steep western face of the mountains.

The presence of marsupial fossils in Asia provides evidence that these animals, now primarily found in Australia, once inhabited a broader range when the continents were connected. This supports the theory of continental drift and ancient land bridges.

Deccan Traps are Cretaceous-Eocene (3), Western Ghats are Late Cenozoic (1), Aravalli are Pre-cambrian (2), and Narmada-Tapi deposits are Pleistocene (5). Option B correctly maps these geological periods to the features.

The horizontal and vertical movements caused by the forces coming from the origin of the earth are known as endogenic forces. The origin of the endogenic force is caused by the contraction and expansion of rocks due to variation in thermal conditions and temperature inside the earth.