Farming and Non-Farming Activities in Rural India

1. Dairy farming is a non-farm activity. Dairy farming is a class of enterprise, for long term production of milk, usually not only from dairy cows, but also from goats, sheep and camels, which may either be processed on-site or transported to a dairy factory for processing and eventual retail sale.
   2. Some of the main non-farming activities are:
        (i) Diary farming; 
        (ii) Small scale cottage industry; 
        (iii) Shop-keeping; 
        (iv) Transport; 
         (v) PCO. 
   
   

Dairy farming is an act of milk production, processing and marketing through various traditional as well as modern technologies. In rural India it is one of the main occupations for the sustainability. Though India is the major milk producer, farming techniques are not well developed.

For non-farm activities to expand, access to markets is essential to sell products and services, ensuring economic viability.

Workers engaged in non-farm activities in rural areas on an average are 24%. Estimates suggest that 92% of Indian labourers are engaged in the unorganised sector while the organised segment constitutes the remaining 8%. Further, it can be noted that 95% of female workers and 89% of male workers are engaged in the unorganised segment in India. 

Rural non-farm activities include value chain activities, such as agro-processing, transport, distribution, marketing, and retail, as well as tourism, manufacturing, construction and mining, plus self-employment activities.

Thus, the correct option is D.

The Census takes place after every five years-the first Agricultural Census in the country was conducted with refernce year 1970-71. Agriculturall Census is carried out as a Centerl Secoter Schrme under which. 100 per cent financial assistance is provided to States/Union Territories. Agricultural Census operation is carried out in three phases. During Phase-I, a list of all holdings with data on area, gender and social group of the holder is prepared with the help of listing schedule. During Phase-II detailed data on tenancy, land use,

Upper caste families owns most of land in villages. Upper caste families including Zamindars and Rajputs. In villages lower caste families are labours, servants who used to work in lands. 

Few farmers are unable to make their living from their land despite improved irrigation and modern farming method because they hold small plot of land.

In Palampur, farming is the main activity as 75% of population work for farm labourers. earn their living through farming. Unfortunately, not all people engaged in farming have sufficient land for cultivation.
So it is necessary to increase area under cultivation.

Agriculture is the mainstay for the rural population. Alternate sources of employment are scarcely available. Thus, the diverse employment opportunities of the cities lure them and they migrate to urban areas.

C.  Large and medium farmers
The part of farm produce which is
sold in the market is called marketable surplus. Small farmers have little
surplus output. It is the medium and large farmers only who have substantial
surplus produce for selling in the market.

Large farmers-
The farmers who own more than 10 hectares of land are known as larger farmers.

Rural Population (% of total population) in India was last measured at 67.63 in 2014. According to the World Bank report, rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by National Statistical Offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.

The village had a well-developed system of irrigation, the introduction of multiple cropping,  modern farming methods, electricity supply, green revolution introduced HYV seeds are the main reasons behind growing three different crops in a year in Palampur.

One-fourth  means 25% of the population of Palampur is engaged in non-farming activities like shop-keeping, dairy, manufacturing and transport.
Shop-keepers buy goods from wholesalers in Shahpur and sell them in Palampur. Milk from the dairies in Palampur is transported daily to Raiganj. Some traders from Shahpur have set up collection centres and chilling plants at Raiganj, from where milk is supplied to other towns and cities.

all farmers grow at least two main crops in Palampur.Many farmers cultivated potatoes as the third crop. In the rainy season, farmers grow jowar and bajra.
In the winter season wheat is grown.

a. Palampur is basically an imaginary village and constitutes a rural area. It  has developed a road network which connects it to the neighboring villages and towns.

b. There is no urban area in the village Palampur.

c. Palampur reflects the picture of a rural India and give us insights about the basic farming and non farming activities in a village.

d. It can be considered as a model village because Palampur gives us an ideal example of how land as a means of production is optimally utilized. Agriculture being the primary activity with 75% of the population are engaged in agricultural farming.

e. Palampur village has a well developed irrigation facility. The village  has also yielded the benefits of Green Revolution by using High yielding varieties of seeds in the cultivation of wheat and rice.

f. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school for the village children which contribute to its success story. It also has a health centre.

Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product. Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises. In developed countries, dairy farms typically consist of high producing dairy cows. Other species used in commercial dairy farming include goats, sheep, and camels. In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants.

Non-farming activities are the activities which are not related to farming or agricultural activities. Non-farming employment is defined as any form of employment other than farm employment such as manufacturing, shop-keeping etc.

The Sixth Five Year Plan India was started from the period between 1980 to1985. Moreover, to achieve agriculture and rural development, a major step was taken. NABARD was established based on the recommendations of B. Sivaraman Committee, by Act 61, 1981 of Parliament on the date of 12 July 1982. The purpose was to implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act of 1981.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

Medium-term loans are the type of loans with a repayment period that lasts between two and five years. These are given for the purpose of financing of professional equipment which is needed for production or service provision activities, thus including safety or environmental protection. Thus, for purchasing the seeds, fertilizers etc. The loan distributed is called medium-term loan.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

In India agriculture, forestry and logging, fishing mining and quarrying, registered manufacturing and construction units are included in category.A. The output method is applied to category A. The value added by this category is found by subtracting the value of raw materials and other inputs from the aggregate of commodity-wise output
Expenditure method- This method measures the National income sum total of final expenditure incurred by household, business firm. Govt. and Foreigners
Commodity flow method: This method is used to estimate the purchase of commodities by intermediate or final users. This method generally begins with an estimate of the total supply of a commodity available for domestic users.