Solid waste and its management - class-VIII

Solid waste management is all those activities and action required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes amongst other things, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. 

Source reduction refers to activities that reduce the amount of waste generated at the source. Recycling, composting, and lightweight packaging are forms of source reduction or waste diversion, but incineration is a waste disposal method.

The peel of fruits and vegetables contain cellulose and pectin. These are the biodegradable form of wastes. They can be decomposed with the action of the microbes. These wastes are used for the production of compost which can be used as manure for the agricultural crops. 

Biodegradable waste consists of organic materials that can be broken down by microorganisms into simpler substances.

Pulverization is a waste treatment process where solid waste is shredded or ground into smaller particles to facilitate easier handling, composting, or landfilling.

The 3R principle stands for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, which are the core pillars of sustainable waste management.

In the hierarchy of solid waste management, the collection of waste from households or businesses is the first fundamental step before transportation, processing, and disposal.

In a Hauled Container System, the container is hauled to the disposal site, emptied, and returned to the original location, which is common in industrial or large-scale waste management.

There are various steps which are involved in the safe management of the solid waste. Reduce, reuse, recycling, sorting, processing, recovery and disposal are major steps of integrated waste management. The important step before the last step is the energy recovery. The forms of wastes which can be recovered to obtain energy can be segregated and the remaining waste forms can be disposed. This reduces the energy which will be required for the transport and the final disposal of the waste.

There are different waste management strategies for waste minimization. The aim of the waste management is to obtain the maximum benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste. Resource recovery in the waste management process is a step of converting a waste material into a useful product. It is called as recycling. 

Waste minimisation is the method which aims at reducing the amount of waste which is generated. The waste which is generated can be reduced at the society level. There should be a decrease in the production or creation of the wastes. The used products can be transformed and used again, instead of throwing the substance as waste. Waste minimisation is one of the methods which can help to promote a sustainable society.

Curbside collection is the method of waste disposal in the European countries. There are special bins which are used for the collection of the wastes from the residential areas. The wastes are then recollected in special trucks. These trucks are used for the transport of the wastes to the areas outside the premises of the city.

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration can be described as thermal treatment. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. 

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration can be described as thermal treatment. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. 

Waste minimization is a holistic approach that improves efficiency, reduces costs (economic returns), and often leads to better process control, which improves product quality.

Answer is option A i.e. "Waste minimization"
Waste Hierarchy is based on the principle that it is better to not to create waste. It helps in managing waste according to best for the environment. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste.

Waste management includes activities that are required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. Household waste management includes separating household wastes in different parts and proper disposal of it or converting it into useful resources. There are several ways in which this can be achieved.

Solid waste is generally classified into three main categories: municipal waste, industrial waste, and hazardous waste. These categories help in managing waste disposal and treatment processes effectively.

Landfilling is the method of disposing of waste by burying it in low-lying areas or depressions in the ground. It is specifically suitable for large areas of low-lying land that require reclamation.

The polluter pays principle has been proposed to regulate the pollution. This principle states that the person who is responsible for pollution will pay for the pollution. The person who pollutes the environment will be known as the polluter. There are certain standards for the release of the gas from the vehicles. If the person crosses the limit of standards, the person is required to pay for the impact caused to the environment. 

Solid waste disposal policy is the policy which is proposed by the municipal waste management. This policy was framed in the year 2000. The policy focuses on the collection and proper disposal of the wastes which are generated in the cities. This waste disposal policy should be followed to maintain the hygiene of citizens and cities in India.