Air Transport in India - Class VII

Airways are the fastest and modern Means of Transport. It is expensive due to the high cost of fuels and maintenance of Airplanes. 

Airports authority in India came into existance on April 1, 1995 with the merger of the 2 authorities - National Airports Authority and International Airports Authority of India. It is a safe way and a speedy way but it is costly. Mumbai -Delhi route is the busiest and the costliest route.

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
International Airport is an international airport located in Kolkata, West
Bengal, India. It is located
approximately 17 km from the city centre. The airport was earlier known as Dum
Dum Airport before being renamed after Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. It is the
fifth busiest airport in India in respect of aircraft movement after Delhi,
Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai.

Mist and Fog are the terms used to describe low visibility caused by water droplets suspended in the air. Mist is a term used to describe visibility of greater than 1 km while Fog is the term used when visibility is less than 1 km.

Fog is effectively surface cloud and has a significant impact on the conduct of flying operations, particularly landing and take-off.

Commercial air carriers in India are managed by both public and private sectors. For example Air India is  an example of public sector undertaking which is maintained by ministry of civil aviation and kingfisher owned by Vijay Malya is an example of private sector undertaking company.

Air route between Delhi-Mumbai is busiest as it connects national capital to the financial capital of India.

 India has inland navigation waterways of 14,500 km in length. Out of these only 3,700 km are navigable by mechanised boats. 

A.  Air India

One of the first West Asian airline companies was Air India, which had its beginning as Tata Airlines in 1932, a division of Tata Sons Ltd. (now Tata Group). The airline was founded by India's leading industrialist, JRD Tata. On October 15, 1932.

In 1953, the government nationalized the airlines via the Air Corporations Act, 1953, which gave birth to Indian Airlines and Air India. Indian Airlines came into being with the merger of eight domestic airlines to operate domestic services, while Air India International was to operate the overseas services. Furthermore, the Act gave monopoly power to Indian Airlines to operate on domestic scheduled services ruling out any other operator. Air India became the single Indian carrier to operate on international itinerary excluding some routes to the neighboring countries which were given to Indian Airlines.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, commonly known as Dum Dum Airport, is located in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Indian Airlines was the state-owned airline that operated domestic flights within India before merging with Air India.

Jet Airways commenced its commercial operations on May 5, 1993, following the liberalization of the Indian aviation sector.

Cochin International Airport in Kerala was the first airport in India to be developed under a public-private partnership model.

The Air Corporations Act was passed in 1953, leading to the nationalization of air transport in India. This consolidated various private airlines into Air India and Indian Airlines.

Kochi International Airport, located in Kerala, is recognized as the world's first fully solar-powered airport, earning it the title of the first green airport in India.

Palam (Delhi), Dum Dum (Kolkata), and Meenambakkam (Chennai) are all well-known international airports in India. Therefore, all of these are correct.

Air transport in India was nationalized in 1953 under the Air Corporations Act, which established Air India and Indian Airlines.

Air travel is highly effective in India due to the country's vast size and diverse, often challenging, climatic and geographical conditions that make surface transport difficult or slow.

The North Eastern region is mountainous, making road and rail construction difficult. Additionally, the geography necessitates circuitous routes around Bangladesh, making air travel essential for connectivity.

• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport is an international airport located in Dum Dum, West Bengal, India, serving the Kolkata metropolitan area
• Indira Gandi International Airport is the one serving Delhi.
• Meenambakkam is a southern neighbourhood of Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is home to Chennai International Airport and the Airports Authority 
• Palam is the place where Indira Gandhi International airport is located.

In the above given options, transport of passengers, transferring of international mails and transport of delicate, fragile and light cargoes are carried out by airlines. But transfer of bulky freight is not done by aeroplanes because it may be dangerous as it carries passengers along. Usually bulky freight or bulk cargoes are transported by water ways which are cheap and safe.

• Aviation in India is nationalised in the year 1953 on August 1.
  
• Air India International to provide long distance International Services, was formed on 15th June 1953 and took over the nine air transport companies with effect from 1st August 1953. 
  

• Nedimbacherry International Airport is located in the state of Kerala. It is also called as Cochin international airport as it is very close to this place.
  
• The most important feature of this airport is that it is not completely owned by government but has been established by active participation of people coming from different walks of life like state government of Kerala, non-residential Indians and various organizations associated with finance.