Green revolution in India - class-X

Green revolution can be defined as a significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of high-yield varieties of seeds, use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and improved management techniques and The White Revolution was world's largest agricultural dairy development program. Due to the green revolution, the agricultural industry was able to produce much larger quantities of food. The white revolution led to increased milk production.

The Green Revolution refers to a period of significant increase in agricultural production, particularly in food grains, through the use of high-yielding varieties and modern techniques.

• The Green Revolution was the notable increase in cereal-grains production in Mexico, India, Pakistan, the Philippines, and other developing countries in the 1960s and 1970s. 
• Green revolution was a period when the productivity of global agriculture increased drastically as a result of new advances. 
• During this time period, new chemical fertilizers and synthetic herbicides and pesticides were created. 
• The chemical fertilizers made it possible, to supply crops with extra nutrients and, therefore, increase yield.
•  The newly developed synthetic herbicides and pesticides controlled weeds, deterred or kill insects, and prevented diseases, which also resulted in higher productivity. 
• This increase in productivity made it possible to feed the growing human population. 
• The extra food produced by the Green Revolution is generally considered to have averted famine in India and Pakistan.

The green revolution refers to a series of research, and development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. The initiatives, led by Norman Borlaug, the "father of the green revolution," who won the Nobel Prize in 1970, credited with saving over a billion people from starvation, involved the development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers.

Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian geneticist and international administrator, renowned for his leading role in India's "Green Revolution", a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers.
Swaminathan is known as "Indian Father of Green Revolution" for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder and chairman of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation. His stated vision is to rid the world of hunger and poverty. Swaminathan is an advocate of moving India to sustainable development, especially using environmentally sustainable agriculture, sustainable food security and the preservation of biodiversity, which he calls an "evergreen revolution."
From 1972 to 1979, he was director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He was Principal Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture from 1979 to 1980.

Norman Barlaug, the "Father of Green Revolution" received the Nobel prize in 1970 for the high-yielding variety of wheat at global internationally. Whereas Swaminathan is known as a father of green revolution in India.

Green revolution refers to a research and development iniatiatives occuring between 1930s and late 1960s that increased agriculture production worldwide.

• Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian geneticist and international administrator, renowned for his leading role in India's Green Revolution a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. 
• Swaminathan is known as the "Indian Father of Green Revolution" for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. 

All the mentioned methods were adopted under green revolution. It was a period when agriculture increased its yield due to improved agriculture techniques.

• The green revolution takes place when there is a huge production in the agricultural output of India, especially for wheat and rice.

Answer is option C i.e. "Vit A"
Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to bio-synthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice.

• Norman E. Borlaug developed successive generations of wheat crops with qualities such as disease resistance, better adaptations to grow in areas with temperature variations and high yielding capacity. 
• These new wheat varieties along with improved crop management techniques revolutionized agricultural production in Mexico during the 1940s and 1950s. 
• It also influenced agricultural practices in Asia and Latin America leading to the Green Revolution.

Answer is option C i.e. "Agriculture depends on non-renewable resource"
Green Revolution technologies and concepts requires non-renewable resources to generate results. People must use agricultural machinery to maintain their fields to achieve higher yields. Agricultural production by green revolution is highly dependent on non-renewable resources. Agricultural machinery and transport, as well as the production of pesticides and nitrates all depend on fossil fuel.

Norman Borlaug is widely recognized for developing high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties of wheat, which were central to the Green Revolution.

Dr. Norman Borlaug, a geneticist, plant pathologist, and Nobel Peace Prize winner in Mexico, discovered a method to increase wheat yields in the mid-1940s.

M.S. Swaminathan is known as the father of the Green Revolution in India for his pivotal role in introducing and adapting high-yielding wheat and rice varieties.

The development of several high yields varieties of wheat and rice in 1960 increased yields per unit area. This phase is often called the Green Revolution. However, for farms in the developing world, agrochemicals are often too expensive, and a further increase in yield with existing varieties are not possible using conventional breeding. Thus, it has not fully succeeded in making India totally self-sufficient in food with only some parts showing impressive results.

The Green Revolution, while increasing yields, led to issues like waterlogging and soil salinity due to excessive irrigation and chemical use.

The 'green revolution' refers to a series of research, and development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.
Green revolution in India began in the 1960s, through the introduction of high-yield crop varieties and application of modern agricultural techniques, and led to an increase in food production in India. 

Vandana Shiva is a prominent environmental activist who wrote the book 'The Violence of the Green Revolution' to critique its ecological and social impacts.

M.S. Swaminathan is credited with initiating and leading the Green Revolution in India.

The dramatic increase in agricultural production achieved through high-yielding crop varieties is universally known as the Green Revolution.

Agriculture's Green Revolution helped meet the world's increasing demand for food, but it also contributes to a warming planet. With the advent of the Green Revolution (1940s- ‘60s), agricultural practices have expanded and intensified. As these revolutions led to the domestication, diversification, and plant reliance on fertilizers and pesticides, the emission of greenhouse gases increased, and is still rising. It is known that these greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, contribute to climate change.Since these gases are emitted from agricultural practices, global warming may be influenced by more factors than the general public is aware. It can be concluded that previous agricultural advancements have been beneficial in supplying food, but while they are feeding the growing human population, agricultural practices are also feeding global climate change. 

• Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American biologist who has been called as the father of the Green Revolution. 
• He took up an agricultural research position in Mexico, where he developed semi-dwarf, high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties.