Natural resources - class-X

A small but growing chorus of ecological economists are saying that perhaps the best way to protect nature is to figure out just how much it’s worth — in cold, hard cash. In their quest to integrate Adam Smith with Rachel Carson, these proponents of “ecosystem valuation” are infuriating many of their colleagues: both economic evangelists preaching the gospel of the free market, and environmentalists who are horrified at the prospect of reducing the natural world to a cost-benefit analysis. At the epicenter of this maelstrom is Robert Costanza, director and founder of the Gund Institute for Ecological Economics at the University of Vermont, and cofounder of the International Society for Ecological Economics. In 1997, Costanza and his colleagues made news headlines around the world with a paper, published in the British journal Nature, that estimated the annual net worth of the biosphere: $33 trillion, a figure greater than the annual gross national products (GNP) of all the world’s economies combined.

Energy crops are grown specifically for fuel production. Tapioca, sugarcane, and sugar beet are common energy crops, while Calotropis is a latex-producing plant not typically classified as an energy crop.

Common fuel used in atomic reactors is uranium. Fast breeder reactor can use thorium and rest two are non-radioactive elements (lead, copper).

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is primarily composed of propane and butane, which are easily liquefied under pressure.

Ethanol is commonly mixed with petrol (gasoline) to create a fuel blend, often referred to as gasohol, to improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions.

Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replenished on a human timescale. Coal is a fossil fuel that takes millions of years to form, whereas solar energy, water, and fisheries are considered renewable or replenishable.

Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. Coal is a primary example of a fossil fuel.

The primary energy sources in the USA are petroleum, natural gas, and coal. These three fossil fuels constitute the vast majority of the country's energy consumption.

China has consistently been the world leader in clean energy investment, including wind, solar, and hydroelectric power, for several years.

Coal and oil are organic materials that naturally contain impurities, most notably sulphur, which is released as sulfur dioxide when burned.

Resources which get exhausted and are not available in nature in plenty and are known as exhaustible  natural resources. They take longer to get replenished. For example coal, petroleum, forest, minerals,  etc.

In the context of oil and gas, resources refer to the total estimated amount of oil that exists, while reserves refer specifically to the portion that is technically and economically recoverable.

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is India's premier nuclear research facility, headquartered in Trombay, Mumbai.

Kothapally makes use of the masonry dam for the purpose of water for irrigation. Ralegan and Vanaparthy use percolation tanks as the source of water to increase the reserves of groundwater. This water can be used by creating walls and canals. There are no percolation tanks in the village of Vaddicherla. This results in the water scarcity which causes problems in the cultivation of paddy crops.

Vaddicherla and Venaparthy are small villages which are situated in the state of Andhra Pradesh. There have been set up of the percolation tanks which help to conserve and increase the level of the groundwater. The main occupation of the people in this areas is cultivation. The groundwater is used for irrigation and cultivation of paddy crops, gingelly, cotton, etc.

The percolation tanks are constructed in the land which is highly permeable. The water which gets collected in the tank is then percolated in the ground.  and helps to recharge the groundwater system. The nutrients which are present in the soil solution gets leached and migrate to the groundwater reserves. This causes loss of the nutrients of the soil.

Venaparthy is small village situated in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The village is known for being free from the problems due to the water crisis. There are percolation tanks which are set up in the village which help in the collection of water in the earthen dams and recharge the groundwater in these regions. The groundwater can be used by creating wells and canals which can be used for the purpose of irrigation and this helps to obtain high yield by this type of cropping pattern. The primary source of water used for irrigation is well which recharges the water from ground reserves.

Vaddicherla is a small village situated in the Warangal district in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The village is known for the problems due to groundwater pollution and water crisis. There are fewer groundwater resources which increase the problems in irrigation and crop production. The condition of the farmers is very pitiable because the main occupation of the people in the village is agriculture. This village is known to be scarcity village for having fewer resources of water and food. 

Solar radiation is an inexhaustible and renewable source of energy. Soil, Fossil fuels and Minerals, all are exhaustible and their replenishment becomes impossible or very difficult.

option  B sun is correct answer . as remaining is pollutating sources 

Renewable resources are those that are replenished naturally over relatively short periods of time. It includes solar energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, biomass, etc. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Solar radiation, wind power, and sea tides are all renewable (inexhaustible) and considered non-conventional sources of energy.

Natural resources occur naturally within environments, that exist relatively undistributed by humanity, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in various ecosystems. Natural resources are derived from the environment. Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere (living and organic material), such as forests and animals, and the materials, that can be obtained from them. Forests and wildlife are both renewable in the short term but non renewable once a point has been reached or to a point. Forests can be managed to some degree sustainable forestry cuts older trees, while planting new one to replace them, this works in some types of environments better than others.