Mosquito and human health - class-VIII

Mosquito larvae live in water and breathe atmospheric air. They use a respiratory siphon to reach the surface, but the actual gas exchange occurs through spiracles located at the tip of the siphon.

Iron is an important component of hemoglobin which is present in red blood cells. It carries oxygen from lungs to different parts of the body. Sources of iron includes sunflower seeds, nuts, beef, beans, green leafy vegetables, tofu, amla, jaggery. Iron deficiency can leads to anemia, that is low number of hemoglobin as there is insufficient iron in the body to produce enough of hemoglobin.

• Anemia is a condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin.
• Iron is the major component in the formation of Haemoglobin. Hence deficiency of iron results in iron deficiency anemia.
• Hence Anemia is occurred due to Iron deficiencies.
• So, the correct answer is 'Iron deficiencies'.

Anaemia is most commonly caused by a deficiency of iron, which is necessary for the production of haemoglobin in red blood cells.

A complete blood count (CBC) is the standard diagnostic test to determine if a person has anaemia by measuring haemoglobin and red blood cell levels.

•  Iron is an essential element for blood production. 
• About 70 per cent of your body's iron is found in the red blood cells of your blood called haemoglobin and in muscle cells called myoglobin.
•  Haemoglobin is essential for transferring oxygen in your blood from the lungs to the tissues. Hence, the role of iron in the blood is that it helps to transport oxygen. 

• Anaemia is a condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells. 
• The major causes are iron deficiency (low-level iron) anaemia and thalassemia (inherited disorders of haemoglobin).  
• Iron-rich foods include peanuts, jaggery chikkis, almonds, walnuts, soy nuts and raisins, amla and green vegetables helps to prevent anaemia. 
• Hence, jaggery, amla and green vegetables help to cure anaemia. 
• So, the correct answer is 'all the above'.

The presence of large, immature, nucleated erythrocytes without haemoglobin indicates megaloblastic anaemia, which is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and folic acid. Iron deficiency typically results in microcytic, hypochromic anaemia rather than large megaloblastic cells. Supplementing with folic acid and cobalamine addresses the root cause of this specific type of anaemia.

A complete blood count (CBC) is a test panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood. It is the most commonly performed blood tests in medicine, as they can provide an overview of a patient's general health status. 

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia globally and specifically in India, particularly among women.

• Vitamin B-12 is a water-soluble vitamin, like all other B-vitamins. This means it can dissolve in water and travel through the bloodstream. 
• The human body can store vitamin B-12 for up to four years. Any excess or unwanted vitamin B-12 is excreted in the urine. 
• The human body produces millions of red blood cells every minute. These cells cannot multiply properly without vitamin B-12. The production of red blood cells reduces if vitamin B-12 levels are too low. Anaemia can occur if the red blood cell count drops. Hence, Vitamin B12 helps to cure anaemia. 

Iron is an important component of hemoglobin. It carries oxygen from lungs to different parts of the body. Sources of iron includes sunflower seeds, nuts, beef, beans, green leafy vegetables, tofu, amla, jaggery. Iron deficiency can leads to anemia. 

In liver , glycogen a reserve food material is changed  into glucose (glycogenolysis ) and released into blood.  Under abnormal condition ,liver can convert proteins and fats into glucose by complex chemical reactions i.e., called gluconeogenesis. Thus, due to hepatectomy blood sugar level falls rapidly.

Pernicious anaemia is caused by the inability to absorb Vitamin B12, which is required for the proper maturation of red blood cells, leading to their obstruction in development.

• Anaemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
• When anaemia comes on slowly, the symptoms may include feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath or a poor ability to exercise. Hence, The reduced flow of oxygen in the blood occurs in Anaemia

Iron is an important component of hemoglobin which is a part of red blood cells. It carries oxygen from lungs to different parts of the body. Green leafy vegetables such as spinach are rich sources of iron. Other foods containing iron include sunflower seeds, nuts, beef, beans, tofu, amla, jaggery. Iron deficiency can leads to anemia. 

•  To diagnose anaemia, your doctor may ask you about your medical and family history, perform a physical exam, and run the following tests: Complete blood count (CBC) or Red cell distribution width (RDW).
•   A CBC is used to count the number of blood cells in a sample of your blood.
• Red cell distribution width (RDW) is also the test to diagnose anaemia. For instance, you'll probably have greater differences in red blood cell size if you have anaemia in these test.
• Hence, Anaemia can be diagnosed by the shape and size of RBC only.
• So, the correct answer is 'Shape and size of RBC only'.

• Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food. For example, spinach.
• Leafy greens, such as spinach, kale, swiss chard, collard, and beet greens contain between 2.5–6.4 mg of iron per cooked cup.
• For example, 100 grams of spinach contains 1.1 times more iron than the same amount of red meat and 2.2 times more than 100 grams of salmon (26, 27).
  
• Hence Vegetables are a good source of iron is a true statement.

Fehling's reagent is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrates and ketone functional groups. This reagent is used for testing the presence of reducing sugars. Reducing sugars give a positive result to this test due to the presence of oxidisable aldehyde group.

Hepatitis is sometimes caused due to excessive consumption of alcohol. This results to liver cirrhosis. This is called a non-viral hepatitis.

Anaemia is a condition in which is there is shortage of blood or shortage of red blood cells. It results due to loss of blood during accident or pregnancy. It can also results due to insufficient iron in the body to produce enough of haemoglobin.