Unification movements - class-X

Bismarck, the Chancellor of Prussia was the architect of unified Germany. As a far-sighted statesman he believed that bursts of sentiments have no place in politics. He firmly believed that he could achieve his objective of unification of Germany by the policy of blood and iron. He was known as the man of 'blood and iron' or iron chancellor as he used methods of force.

 Three wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification. In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles. 

Italy emerged as an independent nation in 1871 with Victor Emmanuel as the king of united Italy. 

Rome, which was the seat of the Pope refused to become a part of the Italian State. In 1870, Prussia attacked France and the Pope stopped getting support from the French king. Rome was forcibly entered into and occupied by the Italians. 

Otto von Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor was the reason for German unification. He ruled Prussia and Whole of Germany.

In the war of 1866, Bismarck succeeded in defeating Austria and gaining Prussian control over the 22 German states he formed the North German Confederation. 

Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman who dominated the German affairs between the 1860 and 1890. By waging series of war, he united the German states.

In 1860, Garibaldi led the famous Expedition of the Thousand to South Italy. Fresh volunteers kept joining through the course of the campaign, till their numbers grew to about 30,000. They were popularly known as Red Shirts. 

Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman who dominated the German affairs between the 1860 and 1890. By waging series of war, he united the German states.

Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman who dominated the German affairs between the 1860 and 1890. By waging series of war, he united the German states.

Count Cavour was an Italian statesman and leading figure in the unification of Italy. He founded the Liberal Party and was the Prime Minister of Italy. In 1861, he declared Victor Emmanuel II as the King of Italy.

Garibaldi was a central figure in the movement for unification of Italy. He enthusiastically supported the Mazzini's Young Italy Movement and became a life-long supporter of Italian unification under a democratic Republican government.

• Napoleon invaded Italy in the year 1796. 
  
• The Vienna Settlement took place in late September 1814. 
  
• Unification of Italy started in 1815 and was completed by 1870. After that  Germany became unified on 18 January 1871.
  

Three wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification. 

In 1861 King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of united Italy. 

During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the propagation of his goals. 

Prussia formed the nucleus for the unification of Germany and Bismarck, the mastermind behind this achievement, saw that the unification was achieved through war and conquest. His policy was popularly understood as the 'Blood and Iron' policy. Bismarck introduced many reforms. He started many industries and introduced many reforms in education. Hence, Bismarck was rightly called the 'Iron Man of Germany' in every sense.

The unification of Germany happened in January 1871. After the Franco
Prussian War, the German nationalism rose among the citizens.

Giuseppe Mazzini was a great activist, a journalist who played a major role in the unification of Italy. He founded "Young Europe" movement in 1834  on the model of Young Italy movement. The secret society of the Carbonari was active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831 and Giuseppe Mazzini was never the member of it.