Settlements and service provision - class-IX

Question 1 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

A place where a building or settlement develops is known as its ______.

origin
trade
site
none of these

Question 2 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

The basic unit of settlement recurring throughout India is the village. Which of the following criteria is largely responsible for the selection of village sites?

Behavioural patterns of the community
Availability of flat land
Essential resources like water and fuel
Fuel resources and building materials

Question 3 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Define the characteristics of Scattered settlements ________________.

Limited population.
Closer to nature.
Free from pollution.
All of the above.

Question 4 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Where is Scattered settlements found ?

Dense forests.
Rivulets.
Reservoirs.
All of the above.

Question 5 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Explain the various types of human settlements __________________.

Scattered settlements.
Nucleated settlements.
Linear settlements.
All of the above.

Question 6 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Define the major difference between a hamlet and a village _____________.

Population.
Group of houses.
Pollution.
None of the above.

Question 7 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

From where the Urban settlements have evolved ?

Rural settlements.
Scattered settlements.
Nucleated settlements.
None of the above.

Question 8 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

_________ describes Adivasi padas.

Tribal hamlets.
Koliwada.
Villages.
None of the above.

Question 9 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following are the characteristics of Nucleated settlements __________________.

Social services are available.
Roads are narrow.
Houses are close together.
All of the above.

Question 10 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

In which settlements are the houses close together ?

Rural settlements.
Scattered settlements.
Nucleated settlements.
None of the above.

Question 11 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

In which settlements are the houses close together?

Rural settlements
Scattered settlements
Nucleated settlements
None of the above

Question 12 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

How are the houses in the settlements along the roads arranged ?

They spread along a straight line.
Roads are parallel to each other.
Besides houses, some shops can be seen too.
All of the above.

Question 13 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Explain how human settlements have evolved ______________.

From Natural conditions.
From Physical conditions.
From Climatic conditions.
None of the above.

Question 14 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Describes Linear settlements _______________.

Narrow in shape.
Spread along a straight line.
Along roads.
All of the above.

Question 15 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Define the characteristics of Linear settlements _________________.

Houses are along a single line.
Roads are parallel to each other.
Besides houses ,some shops can be seen too.
All of the above.

Question 16 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Where are Nucleated settlements found ?

Brooks.
Rivers.
Rivulets.
All of the above.

Question 17 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following are major features of urban settlements?

High population density
Availability of modern facilities of transport and communication
Scarcity of open spaces around the houses
All of the above

Some of the Important Characteristics of Urban Community are as follows:

A sociological analysis of urban community contains several salient features. They are as follows:

1. Size:

As a rule, in the same country and at the same period, the size of an urban community is much larger than that of a rural community. In other words, urbanity and size of a community are positively correlated.

2. Density of population:

Density of population in urban areas is greater than in rural communities. Urbanity and density are positively correlated.

3. Family:

So far as urban community is concerned, greater importance is attached to the individual than to the family. Nuclear families are more popular in urban areas.

4. Marriage:

In case of urban community there is a preponderance of love marriages and inter-caste marriages. One also comes across a greater number of divorces. Sons and daughters enjoy considerable freedom in choosing their life partners.

5. Occupation:

In the urban areas, the major occupations are industrial, administrative and professional in nature. Divisions of labour and occupational specialization are very much common in towns/cities/metropolises.

6. Class extremes:

In the words of Bogardus, “Class extremes characterize the city.” A town and a city house the richest as well as the poorest of people. In a city, the slums of the poor exist alongside the palatial bungalows of the rich, amidst the apartments of the middle class members. The most civilized modes of behaviour as well as the worst racketeering are found in the cities.

7. Social heterogeneity:

If villages are the symbol of cultural homogeneity, the cities symbolize cultural heterogeneity. The cities are characterized by diverse peoples, races and cultures. There is great variety in regard to the food habits, dress habits, living conditions, religious beliefs, cultural outlook, customs and traditions of the urbanites.

8. Social distance:

Social distance is the result of anonymity and heterogeneity. Most of one’s routine social contacts in a town or city are impersonal and segmentary in character. In the urban community social responses are incomplete and halfhearted. There is utter lack of personal involvement in the affairs of others.

9. System of interaction:

Georg Simmel held that the social structure of urban communities is based on interest groups. The circles of social contact are wider in the city than in the country. There is a wider area of interaction system per man and per aggregate. This makes city life more complex and varied. The city life is characterized by the predominance of secondary contacts, impersonal, casual and short-lived relations. Man, at any rate, the man in the street, virtually loses his identity being treated as a “number” having a certain “address”.

10. Mobility:

The most important feature of urban community is its social mobility. In urban areas the social status of an individual is determined not by heredity or birth but by his merit, intelligence and perseverance. Urbanity and mobility are positively correlated.

11. Materialism:

In the urban community the social existence of man revolves round wealth and material possessions. The worth of an urbanite today is being judged not by what he is but by what he has. Status symbols in the form of financial assets, salaries, costly home appliances count a lot for the urbanites.

12. Individualism:

The urbanites attach supreme importance to their own welfare and happiness. They hesitate to think or act for the good of others.

13. Rationality:

In urban community there is emphasis on rationality. People are inclined to reason and argue. Their relationship with others is governed, for the most part, by the consideration of gain or loss. Relationship takes place on a contractual basis. Once the contract is over, human relationship automatically comes to a close.

14. Anonymity:

As Bogardus observes, the “Urban groups have a reputation for namelessness.” By virtue of its size and population, the urban community cannot be a primary group. Here nobody knows anybody and nobody cares for anybody. The urbanites do not care for their neighbours and have nothing to do with their miseries or pleasures.

15. Norm and social role conflict:

The urban community is characterized by norm and social role conflict. Factors such as the size, density and heterogeneity of the population, extreme occupational specialisation and the class structure prevalent in the urban context lead to such a state of affairs.

In the absence of uniform and fixed social norms, individuals or groups often seek divergent ends. This has a considerable share in causing social disorganization.

16. Rapid social and cultural change:

Rapid social and cultural change characterize urban life. The importance attached to traditional or sacred elements has been relegated to the background. The benefits of urban life have effected changes in respect of norms, ideologies and behaviour patterns.

17. Voluntary associations:

The urban community is characterized by impersonal, mechanical and formal social contacts occurring among the people. Naturally they have a strong desire for developing genuine social relationships to satisfy their hunger for emotional warmth and sense of security. They form associations, clubs, societies and other secondary groups.

18. Formal social control:

Social control in urban community is essentially formal in nature. Individual’s behaviour is regulated by such agencies as police, jails, law courts etc.

19. Secularization of outlook:

In cities ritual and kinship obligations are diluted. Caste and community considerations yield to economic logic. This results in secularization of outlook.

20. Urban areas provide impulses for modernization in society as a whole.

Question 18 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following are major features of rural settlements?

Few facilities of transportation and communication
Availability of open spaces around houses
Traditional house plans
All of the above

The ten essential characteristics of the rural community are as follows: a. Size of the Community b. Density of Population c. Agriculture is the Main Occupation d. Close Contact with Nature e. Homogeneity of Population f. Social Stratification g. Social Interaction h. Social Mobility i. Social Solidarity j. Joint Family.

a. Size of the Community:

The village communities are smaller in area than the urban communities. As the village communities are small, the population is also low.

b. Density of Population:

As the density of population is low, the people have intimate relationships and face-to-face contacts with each other. In a village, everyone knows everyone.

c. Agriculture is the Main Occupation:

Agriculture is the fundamental occupation of the rural people and forms the basis of rural economy. A farmer has to perform various agricultural activities for which he needs the cooperation of other members. Usually, these members are from his family. Thus, the members of the entire family share agricultural activities. That is the reason why Lowry Nelson has mentioned that farming is a family enterprise.

d. Close Contact with Nature:

The rural people are in close contact with nature as most of their daily activities revolve around the natural environment. This is the reason why a ruralite is more influenced by nature than an urbanite. The villagers consider land as their real mother as they depend on it for their food, clothing and shelter.

e. Homogeneity of Population:

The village communities are homogenous in nature. Most of their inhabitants are connected with agriculture and its allied occupations, though there are people belonging to different castes, religions and classes.

f. Social Stratification:

In rural society, social stratification is a traditional characteristic, based on caste. The rural society is divided into various strata on the basis of caste.

g. Social Interaction:

The frequency of social interaction in rural areas is comparatively lower than in urban areas. However, the interaction level possesses more stability and continuity. The relationships and interactions in the primary groups are intimate. The family fulfills the needs of the members and exercises control over them.

It is the family, which introduces the members to the customs, traditions and culture of the society. Due to limited contacts, they do not develop individuality and their viewpoint towards the outside world is very narrow, which makes them oppose any kind of violent change.

h. Social Mobility:

In rural areas, mobility is rigid as all the occupations are based on caste. Shifting from one occupation to another is difficult as caste is determined by birth. Thus, caste hierarchy determines the social status of the rural people.

i. Social Solidarity:

The degree of social solidarity is greater in villages as compared to urban areas. Common experience, purposes, customs and traditions form the basis of unity in the villages.

j. Joint Family:

Another characteristic feature of the rural society is the joint family system. The family controls the behaviour of the individuals. Generally, the father is the head of the family and is also responsible for maintaining the discipline among members. He manages the affairs of the family.

Question 19 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Human settlements flourished at places according to which geographic conditions ?

Availability of water.
A conducive climate.
Fertile land.
All of the above.

Question 20 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

To understand settlement, we need to look at the basic concept of _______.

Site
Situation
The history of the place
All the above

Settlements and service provision - class-IX

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