Product life cycle - class-XII

In a village economy, the family often acted as the primary unit of production and consumption, with a 'family market' or self-sufficient system where goods were produced and exchanged within the household or local community.

Relationship marketing is a part of Customer Relationship Management, Relationship marketing focuses on customer loyalty and long term engagement rather than short term goals. Repeated purchase made by the consumer relates to the loyalty of the consumer towards the brand. 

Sales management involves the practical execution of sales strategies, including managing the sales force, meeting targets, and day-to-day operations, which is often categorized as a 'doing' or operational function.

Physical distribution refers to distribution activities (1-a). Termination refers to the settlement of a contact (2-b). A consumer co-operative is a retail business owned by consumers (3-d). An industrial store is a retail store owned by a company for its employees (4-c).

Modern marketing concept is a broad concept. It relates to finding out the consumers and to develop a product as per their needs rather than providing them with the already manufactured goods. Modern marketing concept aims at complete customer satisfaction by fulfilling their needs and wants. Consumer concept believes in giving attention to individual customer.

Sales planning is the process of defining future sales goals and the strategies to achieve them. It essentially outlines a future course of action for the sales department.

Sales planning relies heavily on accurate data from the field to set realistic targets and strategies. Collecting information is a foundational step in the planning process.

Sales management is the broad discipline of managing a company's sales operations. It involves planning, directing, and controlling the entire sales force and its activities.

Online marketing allows businesses to target specific groups of people based on demographics, interests, and behaviors, which is the core of market segmentation.

The operating cycle is the time it takes for a company to purchase goods, sell them, and collect cash. It is often synonymous with the product cycle in manufacturing contexts.

Network marketing, also known as Multi-Level Marketing (MLM), is a business model where independent contractors buy into a company and earn a commission on the products they sell.

Selling activities start after the product has been developed.The selling activities undertaken by professional sales people include: Generating Sales Leads, Qualifying Leads, Preparing for the Sales Meeting.

The business environment in the world is very dynamic as it keeps on changing. The emergence of the global marketing is mainly due to the marketing activities and plans by the organizations to tap the people that are in a different country or part of the world.

Amway company uses network marketing to sell its products .

Network marketing benefits from a self-expanding distribution network, higher margins due to reduced traditional advertising, and lower overhead costs as independent distributors handle their own infrastructure.

The advantages of network marketing include the continuous growth of the distribution network (I) and the ability for companies to maintain higher margins (III) because they bypass traditional retail layers.

Competitive advantage is achieved by providing superior value to customers, which can be through quality, service, or innovation, rather than just lowering prices or expanding activities.

Disadvantages of network marketing include difficulty in sales forecasting, the risk of distributors becoming competitors, and the challenge of maintaining control over a decentralized sales team.

This is a duplicate of question 408592 testing network marketing advantages. The correct advantages are continuous distribution network growth (option I) and higher product margins (option III). Options II and IV describe disadvantages, not advantages.

Network marketing is a form of direct marketing because the manufacturer sells products directly to consumers through a network of independent distributors, bypassing traditional retail stores.