Plants as food - class-V

Good food has a balanced diet that helps to maintain or improve overall wealth. It provides all the essentials nutrients to the body and helps the body to have good height, good weight and good strength.

Spices are those substances that are used in flavouring food, coloring and preservation of food. They are mainly used in the flavouring of food items. Some examples of spices are clove, pepper, fennel, chilli, ginger, saffron etc.

Honey is made from the flower nectar collected by the bees , which gets broken down into simple sugars stored inside the honeycomb . 

The brinjal (eggplant) is botanically classified as a berry, which is a type of fruit.

The carrot is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist. It is a modified tap root, for storage.

Asafoetida is a herbaceous plant of the Umbelliferae family. It is oleo gum resin obtained from the rhizome and root of the plant. This spice is used as a digestive aid, in food as a condiment and in pickles.

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seeds. Wheat is produced from the seeds of the plants. 

Manihot utilissima is commonly known as cassava or tapioca, which is cultivated for its edible root tubers rich in starch, not for timber. The other pairings correctly match the plant species with their economically important commercial uses.

Matching the edible parts: Cashew nut edible part is the cotyledon (2). Coconut edible part is the endosperm (4). Cassava edible part is the root (3). Litchi edible part is the fleshy aril (1). This matches combination A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1.

Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium) is an annual leguminous fodder crop. It is suitable fodder crop for areas below 1700m altitude with irrigation facilities. It is grown under area with highest water table. Lucerne (Medicago sativa) is a perennial leguminous fodder crop for unirrigated areas including low, medium and high hills of the state. It has good vegetative growth almost throughout the year except during heavy rains or when temperature is below freezing point.

• Annuals complete their life cycle in one year while biennials complete in two years. Hence, vegetative, reproductive and senescent phases are clearly visible. Example : Wheat, Rice, cabbage.
  
• Perenials are the plants which grow for more than two years.Since they grow for a longer time and does not die out after flowering, the demarcation of three phases is not clear and it is very difficult to identify these phases.
  

Cabbage is a leafy green biennial plant. From Europe, the variants of it was cultivated to Asia and Americas. It came to India around 14th century. India is the second largest producer of cabbage. Chilli came from Mexico to India. 

Mango is originally grown in southern Asia, specifically in Burma and eastern India. It is an edible fruit. Banana is originally from South East Asia, mainly from India. It is rich source of vitamins, magnesium and calcium. Orange is a citrus fruit. It is originated in southeastern Asia, specifically in southern China and northeastern India. It is rich in vitamin C. Pea is native to western Asia and North Africa. It is an edible seed.

Banana is a perennial plant. It is originally from South East Asia, mainly from India. It is rich source of vitamins, magnesium and calcium. Radish is a root vegetable. It is originated in India, Asia. It is used as salad. Brinjal is originally found Southern India and Sri Lanka. It is a herbaceous plant. It is rich in potassium, vitamin, fibre and some flavonoids.

Potato is originated in the area of southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia. It is an edible tuber which contains high amount of carbohydrates. Tomato is originated from Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Ecuador. It is an edible fruit. It is used in making salads, juice, sauces. Green chillies are originated in Mexico. It is used to spice up the food. 

Chilli is originated in Mexico. It is used as both food and medicine. It is used to spice up the food. Bhindi is originated in West Africa and South Asian. It is used as vegetables in many countries. Pea is originated in western Asia and North Africa. It is an edible seed. Potatoes come from northern Spain. It is an edible tuber.

Historical and archaeological evidence suggests that settled agriculture began around 4000 B.C. in various regions.