Common respiratory diseases - class-VI

1. Chronic bronchitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of bronchitis which secretes mucous leads to coughing and breathing difficulty and commonly observed in smokers.
   
2. Emphysema is a disease in which alveolar sacs get damage which results in the deficiency in the amount of oxygen required by the body and its common cause is also smoking.

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs, causing them to fill with fluid.

Pleurisy involves inflammation of the tissue layers (pleura) lining the lungs and inner chest wall. Pleurisy is often associated with the accumulation of fluid between the two layers of pleura, known as pleural effusion. Symptoms of pleurisy include pain in the chest, which is aggravated by breathing in, shortness of breath, and local tenderness. The diagnosis of pleurisy is made by the characteristic chest pain and physical findings on examination of the chest. The pleural accumulation of fluid (pleural effusion) can be seen by imaging studies.

Asthma is characterized by spasms of tracheal/bronchial muscles (ii). Bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchi (iv). Rhinitis (misspelled as Rhimitis) is inflammation of the nasal tract (i). Emphysema involves the destruction and over-inflation of alveoli (iii).

Coryza is an inflammatory condition of the mucous membrane of the nose. Inflammatory condition of lungs is called pneumonia. Laryngitis is an inflammatory condition of larynx. Nasopharyngitis is the inflammatory condition of nose and pharynx.

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs. Symptoms include coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort, such mainly occurs due to large consumption of smoke which leads to the breakdown of the walls of alveoli. 

Pneumonia is an infectious disease of lungs caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses. Viruses like adenoviruses, Varicella zoster virus, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus cause pneumonia. 

In asthma:

(i) Respiratory surface is decreased.

(ii) Cigarette smoking is one of its causes. It can occur due to air pollution, dust allergies etc.

(iii) The symptoms of asthma begin with the inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.

(iv) Alveolar walls are damaged in asthma

(v) Asthma results in difficulty in breathing, causing wheezing. Hence, only one statement is wrong. So, the correct answer is 'The only cause of it, is cigarette smoking'.

Asthma is a lung disorder in which the respiratory airways are narrowed due to inflammation and swelling. This causes the alveoli to become deprived of oxygen.

BCG vaccine is provided to an individual to immunize against tuberculosis. It consists of antigenic molecules which invades the immune response.

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It tends to infect the mucous layer of the lungs and causing lung infection. This results in invasion of alveoli releasing blood droplets along with cough. TB is communicable through droplet nuclei thus covering the mouth and maintaining hygienic condition is must.

WHO has recommended Directly Observed Treatment Short course(DOTs) strategy to control TB. Patients are given anti TB drugs under direct observation of healthcare providers. Systemic care is taken till the patient is fully cured. This treatment goes up to $6$ months.

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It tends to infect the mucous layer of the lungs and causing lung infection. This results in invasion of alveoli releasing blood droplets along with cough.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing. Cancer, arthritis, and polio are not primarily classified as respiratory diseases.

Asthma attacks can be triggered by exposure to allergens, such as pollen, mold or animal dander. This type of asthma is known as allergic asthma. Seasonal allergic rhinitis occurs when a person comes in contact with an allergen or a substance that he or she is sensitive to like pollens.