Land use - class-X

The ownership of land could be private or public. Land registration in this context is done under the revenue department of the government. All the information about the registered land can be obtained from the revenue department in the 7/12 extract.

This statement is false. Extract 12 indicates information about the registration of crops, type of crop, fallow land etc.

One can get to know under whose ownership the land is from the 7/12 extract. The extract is a record kept by the public revenue department. Serial Number 7 and 12 are distinctive sections of the law pertaining to the ownership of land.

The seven by twelve extract is a kind of mirror about the land. This is because just by reading the extract sitting in one place one can get complete information about that piece of land without actually going there. The register of the revenue department records the details of the ownership rights of the family, status of debts and loans, transfer of ownership and the area under different crops.  

This statement is true. Extract 7 includes detailed information about the owner of land and rights and liabilities of the landholder. Extract 7 and Extract 12 are combined to prepare the 7/12 extract.

This statement is true. In urban areas, there is a maximum concentration of population. People even migrate from nearby rural areas to urban areas in search of jobs and livelihood. So, the population is dense and a large part of the urban areas are denoted for residential purposes.

This statement is False. Some parts of cities are only used for commercial purposes. In these areas there are many shops, banks and offices. This has given rise to the concept of the Central Business District. (CBD) For example. In Mumbai, the Fort Area or the BKC (Bandra Kurla Complex).

This statement is false. In rural areas the availability of land is more and the population is less, hence population is sparse. In rural areas the extent of residential areas is less.

‘Village Form’ No.7 and ‘Village Form’ No.12 are combined to prepare as 7/12 extract, hence it is termed as 7/12 extract. These village forms are available with the talathi of every village for land and revenue collection purposes.

Ownership of non agricultural land is recorded on the property card. This document showing ownership rights and the area of the property is made available from urban land records. It has the following information- city survey number, plot number, amount of tax, area of the property assessed, right to access etc. 

The ownership of agricultural land is recorded in the Extract 7/12. It is the extract of the land records which is kept in the registers held by the public revenue department. It contains important details of the ownership rights of the family, the status of debts and loans, transfer of ownership and the area under different crops. This document is an important indicator of the legal status of a property. The ownership of a non-agricultural land is recorded in the property card. It is made available from the urban land records. It contains details of ownership rights, the area of the property, plot number, amount of tax, right to access etc. So, it is right said that the record of ownership of non-agricultural land is the same as that of the agricultural land.

This statement is true. Land use is the function or functions that a man applies to the land available to him. The interaction between geographical factors and man have resulted in land use. The country’s economic development determines the pattern of land use. Developed countries have high agricultural productivity, robust manufacturing sector compared to developing countries. Thus, developed countries tend to have a small proportion of land under agriculture and more under secondary and tertiary sector.

Land use is the function or functions that a man applies to the land available to him. The interaction between geographical factors and man have resulted in land use. There are numerous factors affecting land use. Following factors affect the land use in urban areas: Location and Site, Housing Development Policies, Industrialisation, Transportation routes, Trade and Commerce, Play grounds and Entertainment facilities,Government policies.

Land use is the function or functions that a man applies to the land available to him. The interaction between geographical factors and man have resulted in land use. There are numerous factors affecting land use. Following factors affect the land use in rural areas: Climate, soil, type of slope, Irrigation facilities etc.

B.  Soil Pollution

Source reduction is also known as waste prevention or pollution prevention.It is the elimination of waste before it is created. Recycling is the last process which is done after waste is created and need to be managed.

The ecological balance of any system gets affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time. Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which creates an additional problem of soil erosion.

Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and then pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal illnesses.

Long term exposure to such soil can affect the genetic make-up of the body, causing congenital illnesses and chronic health problems that cannot be cured easily. In fact, it can sicken the livestock to a considerable extent and cause food poisoning over a long period of time. The soil pollution can even lead to widespread famines if the plants are unable to grow in it.

Radioactive pollution of the environment is defined as the increase in natural background radiation, emerging from the activities of man involving the use of naturally occurring or artificially produced radioactive materials. The atmosphere screens out much of the sun’s radiation, including most of that which would be lethal to life.

Radioactive pollution of the environment is on increase in natural background radiation, emerging from the activities of man involving the use of naturally occurring or artificially produced radioactive materials the chemicals of radioactive materials spreading into the air have increased extensively as a result of the discovery of artificially radioactivity & particularly due to the development of atomic bombs and the techniques of harnessing nuclear energy. Radiation can be categorized into two main groups.

i) Non-ionizing (e.g ultra-violet rays)

ii) Ionizing (eg. X-rays, Alpha, Proteins & neutrons) 

Soil or land pollution can be defined as the changes in physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil through man’s intervention/misuse of land and hence resulting in degradation in quantity and productivity of the soil. Causes of soil pollution are as follows:

• Accidental spills and leaks.
• Agricultural activities.
• Transportation activities.
• Chemical waste dumping.