Waste and its management - class-V

Electronic waste contains various toxic substances, including lead, mercury, cadmium, and dioxins (often released during improper burning or processing). While heavy metals are also present, dioxin is a well-known toxic byproduct associated with e-waste processing.

The term 'e-waste' is an abbreviation for 'electronic waste', referring to discarded electrical or electronic devices.

Improper disposal of e-waste releases toxic chemicals that can cause a wide range of health issues, including neurological damage (brain), respiratory issues (lung cancer), and genetic damage (DNA damage).

Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. Used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling or disposal are also considered e-waste.

• An electrostatic precipitator($ESP _s$) is a device that removes suspended dust particles from a gas or exhaust by applying a high-voltage electrostatic charge and collecting the particles on charged plates. It can remove 99% of particulate matter from thermal power plant exhaust.
• e-waste is discarded electronic appliances such as mobile phones, computers, and televisions. Over half of the e-waste generated in developed countries are exported to developing countries, mainly to China, India, and Pakistan, where metals like Cu, Fe, Si, Ni, etc., are recovered during the recycling process.
• Nuclear waste is the radioactive waste material, for example from the use or reprocessing of nuclear fuel. Hence Use of nuclear energy has two very serious inherent problems first is accidental leakage and the second is the safe disposal of radioactive wastes. Hence It has been recommended that storage of nuclear waste after sufficient pretreatment should be done in suitably shielded containers buried within rocks about 500m deep to prevent its harmful effects.
• So, the correct answer is 'All the above',

Water resources are limited in an ecosystem. There is an urgent need to minimize the waste of water. It can be done by either reuse or recycle of water. Recycling of water can be done by purifying waste water and reusing again for another purpose. The various ways to reuse water is using treated water for toilet flushing, in agriculture, for industrial processes, etc.

Natural resources are the resources gifted by nature. these are useful for the sustenance of the living organism on earth. Overexploitation of natural resources leads to ecological balance. Human activities like deforestation is a major threat which causes global warming. Excessive mining shifting of land which causes volcanic eruptions.

The term waste is often subjective (because waste to one person is not necessarily waste to another) and sometimes objectively inaccurate (for example, to send scrap metals to a landfill is to inaccurately classify them as waste, because they are recyclable). 

Waste is defined as any material that is no longer required, wanted, or usable by the person or entity that generated it.

• Natural resource management refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants, and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations (stewardship)
• Hence proper management of natural resources ensures equitable distribution of natural resources and sustainable development.
• So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

According to natural disposal, the pollutants may be biodegradable or nonbiodegradable.

1. Biodegradable Pollutants: These are quickly degraded by natural means. Sewage and heat are pollutants of this category. These pollutants are disposed of by microbial action and radiation respectively.

2. Nondegradable Pollutants: These are not degraded or are degraded slowly in nature. DDT, arsenic salts of heavy metals, glass or tin containers, radioactive materials, and plastics are the pollutants of this category. These pollutants accumulate and may get biologically magnified as they pass through the food chains.

So, the correct answer is 'True'.

Settleable solids are the portion of suspended solids in sewage that will settle out of the liquid phase under the influence of gravity if left undisturbed for a period of time.

Explanation: Organisms which breakdown dead or waste matter in to simpler substances is termed as Decomposer

Solid waste that are generated must be segregated as dry waste and wet waste. This would help in better treatment and disposal of waste.