Functions and origin of a state - class-X

The Constitution provides for the governance of the nation. It grants rights, duties and liabilities to the State and citizens.  Citizens must follow the constitution as it gives liberty, freedom and limits the authority of the State in an individual's life. The adherence to the constitution makes good citizen and aware individual.

The four essential elements of a State are population, territory, government, and sovereignty. A political party is a feature of democratic systems but is not a fundamental requirement for the existence of a State.

Political authority means legal ruling power of the state by virtue of which it describes moral principles, distinguish between individual's rights and duties and seek obedience from its subject. It can compel obedience from the non compliers in order to achieve full political obligation of the citizens towards state.

The term "Ethnic" implies a social division based on shared culture. People belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture or both. They need not always have the same religion or nationality.

Social Contract Theory is the theory of voluntary agreement among people by which society is brought into being and political authority is chosen to which people submitted their obedience. It explains the basis of Political obligation by establishing political authority by consent and desire of all.

Political obligation is a sense in a person to have a moral duty to respect the laws of his own country. Political obligation can be defined as- ' An obligation concerning the duties of political leaders and citizen together who, as collectively, are responsible for the political system as a whole.' Political obligation have gained momentum after the 16th Century. Political philosophers like T.H.Green, Hobbes, Locke etc.

Power sharing among different social groups is a key strategy to address ethnic and social conflicts in a diverse society like Sri Lanka.

Political obligations are generally categorized into four types: legal, moral, social, and religious (or sometimes categorized by their source/nature).

The conflicts which were prevalent in Northern Ireland for a long time were Ethno-political. As most of the population of this region belonged to the Christian community but they were divided into two major sects of this religion. Due to the interference of political parties in this conflict, this conflict had been converted into Ethno-political conflict. One group of this religion that was Protestants was supported by the Unionist and another group that was Roman Catholic was supported by the Nationalist parties.

On 6 December 1992, the RSS and its affiliates organized a political rally involving 150,000 VHP and BJP kar sevaks at the site of the disputed structure. The demolition occurred after the rally organized by Hindu nationalist organizations at the site turned violent. Hence, Option A is correct. The other factors did not figure as much in causing the demolition, hence incorrect. 

In Northern Ireland, there are two major sects of Christianity- Protestants and Roman Catholics. Protestants are 53% and Roman Catholics are 44%.

44% population of Northern Ireland belonged to Roman Catholics which were supported by the Nationalist Parties. The Catholics demanded that Northern Ireland be unified with the Republic of Ireland which was a predominantly Catholic country.

OBC stands for Other Backward Caste. The National Sample Survey of 2004-05 indicates that the OBCs formed 41% of the population. (The Survey by NSSO in 2004-05 put the OBC population in the country at 40.94%)

Democracy does need political parties, but they do gain and attain power rather than serve people in their times of needs.

In a democracy, social divisions are expressed through political channels, which allows for negotiation and representation, making it a healthy process for the system.

Finland is widely recognized for its high level of gender equality and the significant participation of women in public and political life.