Classification of Elements - Class IX

Lavioser was the first person to classify elements into metals and non metal. The concept of metalloids came in later

Noble gases have stable configuration of $ns^2 np^6$ with their octet completely filled which, gives them stability. Helium has exception.

The $p$ - block is the area of the periodic table containing columns $3A$ to column $8A$ (columns$ 13-18$), including noble gas, all non metals, metals and metalloids. 

 Elements with similar chemical properties generally fall into the same group in the periodic table, and the elements in the same period tend to have similar properties.Thus, it is relatively easy to predict the chemical properties of an element if one knows the properties of the elements around it.

Based on the modern periodic law, the elements are arranged into rows and columns based on their atomic number. There are 18 columns, called groups and 7 rows, called periods. 

The physical properties (notably, melting and boiling points) of the elements in a given trend in vary from group to group and from period to period.

The transition elements are also known as the $d$-block elements because while the outermost level contains at most two electrons, their next to outermost main levels have incompletely filled $d$ sub-orbitals, which are filled-up progressively ongoing across the periodic table from $8$ to $18$ electrons. The filling of the $d$ sub-orbitals of the transition elements across a row of the periodic table is not always regular.

Antimony is a chemical element with symbol $Sb$ (from Latin: stibium) and atomic number $51$,group $15$ (pnictogens), $p$-block,period $5$.

Elements in the same period tend to have shared chemistry and exhibit a  trend in properties with increasing atomic number from left to right.

In the standard periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number. Thus, it is relatively easy to predict the chemical properties of an element if one knows the properties of the elements around it i.e. it is more significant form of periodic table.

Periodic classification of elements is the method by which elements are grouped on the basis of their characteristics. Classification of elements in groups provide us a fixed pattern in which the elements change their properties periodically. Periodic table made the study of physical and chemical properties of elements simple and organized.

Henry Moseley found a relationship between the X-ray wavelength of an element and its atomic number. Moseley's discovery showed that atomic numbers were in fact based upon experimental measurements.

Alkali and alkaline earth metals are group I and group II elements of s block representative elements with ns$^1$ and ns$^2$ valence shell configuration respectively.

Rare earth metals are a group of chemically similar metallic elements comprising the lanthanide series and (usually) scandium and yttrium. They are not especially rare, but they tend to occur together in nature and are difficult to separate from one another.