Population change - class-X

India is the seventh largest country of the world and world’s most populated nation
after China. The total 17.5% population of world is living in just 2.4% area of the world (Census of 2011). According to 2011 Census India is second most populated country of the world after China. India has the population of 1,21,05,69,573 persons. 

Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year
as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year. Kerala has the lowest Infant Mortality
Rate of 12 in India because it has adequate provision
of basic health and educational
facilities.

Death Rate is the number of deaths per
thousand persons in a year. 

Sex ratio is defined as the number of females
per 1000 males in the population. This
information is an important social indicator
to measure the extent of equality between
males and females in a society at a given time.
The sex ratio in the country has always
remained unfavourable to females. Among Indian states, Kerala has highest
sex ratio of 1084 females to 1000 males.

There will growth in population, If the birth rate is higher than death rate.The difference between birth rate and the death rate is called natural growth rate of population.

The way in which people are
spread across the earth surface
is known as the pattern of
population distribution. More
than 90 per cent of the world’s
population lives in about 10 per
cent of the land surface. The
distribution of population in the
world is extremely uneven. Some areas are very crowded
and some are sparely populated.
The crowded areas are south and
south east Asia, Europe and north
eastern North America. Very few
people live in high latitude areas,
tropical deserts, high mountains
and areas of equatorial forests. Among the following countries Romania has the smallest population.

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				<span>Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area.

The theory tells us that population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births
and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate
society. 

West Bengal has the lowest birth rate of and Orissa has the highest birth rate in $2007$.

Growth of population refers to the change in
the number of inhabitants of a country/territory
during a specific period of time, say during the
last ten years. Till 1980, high birth rates and declining
death rates led to a large difference between
birth rates and death rates resulting in higher
rates of population growth. Since 1981, birth
rates have also started declining gradually,
resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of
population growth.

Death
rates have declined from 25 per 1000
population in 1951 to 8.1 per 1000 in 2001
and life expectancy at birth has increased from
36.7 years in 1951 to 64.6 years in 2001.
The substantial improvement is the result
of many factors including improvement in
public health, prevention of infectious diseases
and application of modern medical practices
in diagnosis and treatment of ailments.

To predict the future population of an area, demographic transition theory can be used. This theory explains 3 staged model of demographic transition: 

MP has the $58$ life expectancy at birth, in $2006$.

Reasons for high births rate in India are:

• lack of education
• joint family system
• social superstition

Birth rate in India is high because of: 

To predict the future population of an area, demographic transition theory can be
used.
This theory explains 3 staged model of demographic transition: 

Demographic Dividend is a phenomenon which occurs when the proportion of working population out of the total population is high. A country is expected to reap the demographic dividend when the share of its working population is larger than the share of its non-working population. India is currently going through a phase of the demographic dividend.