Polar regions - class-VI

Eskimos lives in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. They follow the Inuit religion. They believe in supernatural power called sila and spirits.

Parka
is a type of heavy hooded jacket that is often lined with fur for protecting
the face from freezing temperatures and wind. This hooded jacket was worn by
Eskimos. They are made from caribou or seal. It is worn by the people to
protect them from wind chill and wet while hunting and kayaking. Some Parkas have
to be regularly coated with fish oil to keep their water resistance. Parka is
also known as Anorak.

Mukluks
are type of soft boots made to be worn in cold weather. These boots are worn by
Eskimos. Traditional mukluks were very light and allowed hunters to move
quietly. Mukluks are lined with the fur of Arctic animals, such as rabbits,
foxes and raccoons to make them warmer. Mukluks allow air to circulate around
the foot. This is more important in Arctic. Mukluks also keep water and snow
out.

The Inuit are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada, and the United States. Their first European contact was with the Vikings who settled in Greenland and explored the eastern Canadian coast. 

The Inuit have traditionally been fishers and hunters. They still hunt whales, esp. Bowhead Whale, Walrus, Caribou, Seal, the Narwhal, polar bears, Muskoxen, birds, and at times the Arctic Fox.

The southern frigid zone lies between $66.56^o$ south of the Antarctic circle to the $90^o$ south in South pole. It is one of the coldest areas on the surface of the earth which covers with snow or ice throughout the year. This zone covers an area of 4.12 percent on the surface of the earth.

Antarctica is located in the southernmost part of the world. It covers an area of 14,000,000 square km which is the fifth-largest continent in the world. 98%of the area covered by ice which is at least 1.6km thick. It has 90% of the world's ice. The temperature recorded -80 degrees Celsius to -89 degree Celsius in winter and 5 degrees Celsius to 15 degrees Celsius in summer near the adjoining areas of the coast. This is why it is also known as the frozen continent in the world.

The frigid zone is located one each in the two hemispheres. The frigid zone in northern hemisphere lies between Arctic Circle and the Noth pole and in the southern hemisphere between Antarctic Circle and south pole. This is the coldest area on the surface of the earth and covered with snow throughout the year. In summer the temperature varies from 3degree to 12 degree.

The northern frigid zone is the area located between the Arctic Circle (66.5 degrees N) and the North Pole (90 degrees N). It is characterized by extremely cold temperatures.

The sun begins to shine
in the tundra (Polar region) around
February-March. In the
beginning, the sun shines
for a maximum of an hour
and a half and then sets.
Gradually, it lengthens to 2
hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 16
hours, and finally 24 hours!
Then for almost three
months from May to July,
the sun never sets, it shines
all 24 hours.

Aurora Borealis one of the two types of natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in the high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Aurora Borealis is seen in the northern hemisphere whereas Aurora Australis is seen in the southern hemisphere. 

Kayaks are canoes of a type used originally by the Inuit, made of a light frame with a watertight covering having a small opening in the top to sit in.

Eskimos are the people living in the frigid zone. It comprising of Alaska, Canada and Greenland. They generally made their small hut like house by snow, known as igloo. Hunting of marine animals and fishes are their main occupation . They use dog sledge for transportation. Dog is the only domesticate animal of Eskimos.

Aurora australis is the southern hemisphere counterpart to the aurora borealis. In the sky, an aurora australis takes the shape of a curtain of light that is most often green, sometimes red, and occasionally other colors too.

When the northern frigid zone receives continuous light, the southern frigid zone has continuous darkness.

Eskimos (Inuit) traditionally live in dome-shaped houses made of blocks of snow, which are known as igloos. These structures provide insulation in harsh arctic environments.

1. Arctic tern: it has a circumpolar breeding distribution covering the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The species is strongly migratory, seeing two summers each year as it migrates along a convoluted route from its northern breeding grounds to the Antarctic coast for the southern summer and back again about six months later.
   
2. Snowy owls are native to Arctic regions in North America and Eurasia.

Rainfall may range from 15 to 30 cm in a year. Only during the short summer season, some very lowly plants may grow only in the areas away from the polar ice caps. These regions are known for blizzards and occupy areas of the Arctic margins of North America and Eurasia and the Antarctic continent.