Biological importance of sodium and potassium - class-VIII

$Na^{+}$,$K^{+}$,$Mg^{+2}$ and $Ca^{+2}$ ions are concentrated in animals.

Hypokalemia is when blood's potassium levels are too low. Potassium is an important electrolyte for nerve and muscle cell functioning, especially for muscle cells in the heart. Your kidneys control your body's potassium levels, allowing for excess potassium to leave the body through urine or sweat.

Plants need a small amount but high concentration of K for specific functions in the cytoplasmand a major portion (∼90%) of it is localized in vacuoles, where it acts as an osmoticum. Maintenance can be achieved by other cation like sodium too .

The daily requirement of sodium is $600 \ mg$.

As sodium accumulates, the body holds onto water to dilute the sodium. This increases both the amount of fluid surrounding cells and the volume of blood in the bloodstream. Increased blood volume means more work for the heart and more pressure on blood vessels. Over time, the extra work and pressure can stiffen blood vessels, leading to high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. It can also lead to heart failure.

In C4 plants, sodium is a micronutrient that aids in metabolism, specifically in regeneration of phosphoenolpyruvate (involved in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds, and in carbon fixation) and synthesis of chlorophyll.

The minimum requirement of potassium per day for an adult is $4700\ mg$.

Option $(A),\ (B)$ are correct.

Option $(A),\ (B)$ are correct.

Option $(B)$ is correct.