Health and Hygiene - Class VII

• Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.
•  Vaccines stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. Hence, Immunization and vaccination can prevent infectious disease.

Behaving rudely over trivial matters indicates poor emotional and social adjustment, making it a sign of someone who is not socially balanced. Enjoying parties, adjusting to surroundings, and attending to an ailing mother are all markers of healthy social and emotional behavior.

• Health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." 
• This definition has been subject to controversy, as it may have limited value for implementation. 
• Health may be defined as the ability to adapt and manage physical, mental and social challenges throughout life. Hence, Health is a state of physical, mental and social well being and not merely absence of disease.

Pollution, squalor, and addiction are all significant negative factors that impact the well-being of a community. Therefore, all these elements constitute threats to community health.

A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: 

• Community health is a major field of study within the medical and clinical sciences which focuses on the maintenance, protection, and improvement of the health status of population groups and communities.
•  It is a distinct field of study that may be taught within a separate school of public health or environmental health.
•  The WHO defines community health as: environmental, social, and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical well being among people in ways that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environment. Hence, Community health focuses on the improvement of the health characteristics of society.

• Community health is a major field of study within the medical and clinical sciences which focuses on the maintenance, protection, and improvement of the physical and mental health status of population groups and communities.
• The WHO defines community health as environmental, social, and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical well being among people in ways that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environment. Hence, Physical health and mental health are interrelated.

Large particles are typically filtered out by the hairs and mucus in the nose before they can reach the deeper respiratory tract. This serves as the first line of defense for the respiratory system.

• Habituation is the term used to refer to psychological dependence on a drug.
• Some drugs of abuse are highly rewarding because of their influence on reinforcing neurobiological processes, but they do not necessarily result in "tissue" related withdrawal symptoms.
•  Cessation of such drugs may lead primarily to subjective craving due to previous drug conditioning and craving may be more readily evoked or deeply conditioned among some persons than others ("addictive personalities"). Hence, Habituation is not the final stage of drug addiction.

• A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect. The most common and serious vaccine-preventable diseases tracked by the World Health Organization (WHO) are diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infection, hepatitis B, measles, meningitis, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus, tuberculosis, and yellow fever. Hence, Communicable diseases like whooping cough, measles and polio can be prevented by vaccination. So, the correct answer is 'True'.
  

• The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) is the civic body that oversees Public Municipal schools; Street lighting; Maintenance of parks and open spaces; Garbage disposal and street and Health & Sanitation. 
• Hence, In India, Municipal corporators are responsible for maintaining the general well being of a particular area.   
• So, the correct answer is 'Municipal corporators'.

• Tobacco use has predominantly negative effects on human health and concern about the health effects of tobacco has a long history.
•  Tobacco also contains nicotine, which is a highly addictive psychoactive drug.
• When tobacco is smoked, nicotine causes physical and psychological dependency. 
• Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart, liver and lungs. Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (including emphysema, asthma and chronic bronchitis), and several cancers (particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and mouth, bladder cancer, and pancreatic cancer). It also causes peripheral arterial disease and high blood pressure. Hence, Consumption of tobacco causes COPD, Cancer and Asthma.

• Pulse Polio is an immunisation campaign established by the government of India to eliminate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus. 
• The project fights poliomyelitis through a large-scale, pulse vaccination programme and monitoring for polio cases. 
• Tamil Nadu will hold a pulse polio immunisation camp on March 10 as part of a nationwide campaign. In 2019, Tamil Nadu is stepping into the 15th polio-free year. Hence, Pulse Polio is an example of a vaccination program by the government.

• Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases."
•  Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness.
•  Many people equate hygiene with 'cleanliness,' but hygiene is a broad term. Hygiene includes such personal habit choices as to how frequently to take a shower or bathe, wash hands, trim fingernails, and change and wash clothes.
• Environmental hygiene includes attention to keeping surfaces in the home and workplace, including bathroom facilities, clean and pathogen-free and maintenance of dustbins for garbage. Hence, Keeping the house clean, Throwing garbage in the dustbins and keeping dustbins covered is a part of environmental hygiene. 

Exercise is very important for ones body, daily exercising with a balanced diet helps keep our heart and body strong, fit and healthy. Our circulatory system and all other body systems are also very active thus, chances of stroke decreases, muscles grow strong and heart rate increases.