Medieval South Indian Dynasties: Rashtrakutas and Hoysalas - Class IX

Latur in Maharashtra was home to a branch of Rashtrakutas which ruled the Deccan from 753 to 973 AD.

Village was the lowest unit of Chola administration. In the Chola empire, Kingdom was divided into Mandalams (or provinces) and each mandalam divided into Valanadus (Commissionary) and Nadus (Districts) and villages(Kurram ).

Chalukyas ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. The earliest Chalukyas were called Badami Chalukyas. Their last ruler Keerthivarman II was defeated by the Rashtrakuta King Dantidurga in 753. Dantidurga established the Rashtrakuta dynasty that ruled the Deccan and neighbouring areas of India from about 755 to 975 CE.

Dantidurga, the founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire, performed the Hiranyagarbha ritual at Ujjain after defeating the Gurjara-Pratiharas who controlled the Malwa region.

The author of this is Shivakottacharya. It is a collection of Jain religious stories. Special importance has been given to use of native Kannada words here. There is liveliness in plot, structure, characterization and dialogue. This is a great prose work belonging to the pre-Pampa age, and enjoys eternal significance in the history of Kannada literature. 

• Vinayaditya, the son and successor of Nripa Kama II was  an able Jain king of the Hoysala Empire, who distinguished himself as an able feudatory of the Kalyani Chalukyas during his long reign.
• He helped bring many small Malnad chiefs like the Kongalvas, Chengalvas, Santharas of Humcha Shimoga and the Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu) under control.

Hoysala dynasty ruled in India from about 1006 to about 1346 CE in the southern Deccan and for a time in the Kaveri (Cauvery) River valley. This region is present day state of Karnataka. The Hoysalas had their capital at Belur which was later shifted to Halebidu. Their rule was an important period in the development of art, architecture, and religion in South India.

The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at Belur but was later moved to Halebidu. 

The founder of this dynasty, Sala, on the order of a Jain monk, Sudatta, fought with a tiger and, killed it. It inspired the people to exclaim 'Hoysala!' and he established his empire. The Hoysala kings made significant contributions to literature, education, art, architecture and irrigation.

The Hoysala Empire was a Kannadiga power originating from the Indian subcontinent, that ruled most of what is now Karnataka, India, between the 10th and the 14th centuries. 

• Nripa Kama II was one of the early king of the Hoysala dynasty from Malnad region of Karnataka. He succeeded Munda as Hoysala ruler. 
• He held the titles such as Permanadi that indicates his alliance with Western Ganga Dynasty. 
• His reign was between 1026 A.D. and 1047 A.D. 
  

• Veera Ballala III  was the last great king of the Hoysala Empire.
• During his rule, the northern and southern branches of the Hoysala empire (which included much of modern Karnataka and northern Tamil Nadu) were consolidated and administered from Halebidu .
• He reigned from 1292 A.D to 1343 A.D

Hoysala dynasty ruled in India from about 1006 to about 1346 CE in the southern Deccan and for a time in the Kaveri (Cauvery) River valley. The last ruler of the dynasty was Ballala III. He was killed at the battle of Madurai in 1343 after which the territories of his empire were merged with areas administered by Harihara I, the founder of Vijayanagar empire.

• Vishnuvardhana was a king of the Hoysala Empire in what is today the modern state of Karnataka, India. He ascended the Hoysala throne after the death of his elder brother Veera Ballala I.
• He reigned from 1108 A.D - 1152 A.D