Medieval and Mughal History of India

Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan explorer, visited India during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, who appointed him as a Qazi in Delhi.

While Qutab-ud-din-Aibak started the construction of the Qutab Minar, it was completed by his successor, Iltutmish.

Tansen, one of the Navaratnas in Akbar's court, was born with the name Ramatanu Pande.

Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, founded the Khalsa in 1699 to protect the Sikh community.

Qutab-ud-din-Aibak was known as 'Lakh Baksh' (giver of lakhs) due to his immense generosity and charity.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq was proficient in Philosophy (spelled "Philosphy" in the question). He was a learned scholar who knew multiple languages and was interested in logic, astronomy, and philosophy, though his reign was marked by controversial decisions.

In the Mughal administrative system, a Jagir was a grant of the right to collect revenue from a specific area of land, given to an officer or noble.

Sher Shah Suri is credited with rebuilding and extending the ancient route known as the Grand Trunk Road during his reign.

Shah Jahan built the Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) within the Agra Fort complex.

Ustad Ahmad Lahori is generally considered the chief architect of the Taj Mahal, though Ustad Isa is also frequently cited in historical accounts.

The Dargah of the famous Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti is located in Ajmer, Rajasthan.

Mughal painting reached its peak or zenith during the reign of Jahangir, who was a great patron of the arts.

Prithviraj Raso, an epic poem about the life of Prithviraj Chauhan, was written by his court poet Chand Bardai.

The First Battle of Panipat in 1526 was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, marking the beginning of the Mughal Empire.

Akbarnama, the official biography of Akbar, was written by his court historian Abul Fazl.

Aurangzeb was known as 'Zinda Peer' (living saint) due to his simple lifestyle and strict adherence to religious practices.

Razia Sultan was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

Qutub-ud-din Aibak founded the Slave Dynasty, which was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.