Reactions of haloarenes - class-XII

Grignard reagents are highly reactive and react with any source of a proton to give hydrocarbons. Water, alcohol, amines are sufficiently acidic to convert them to corresponding hydrocarbons. Halide reactivity increases in the order $Cl < Br < I$

$R-X+Mg\xrightarrow{dryether} R-Mg-X$
                                        grignard reagent

In the depression of freezing point, the vapor pressure of the solution is lower than that of the pure solvent (Raoult's Law). At the freezing point, only the solvent molecules solidify, leaving the solute in the remaining liquid.

Statemetn (c) is Ullmann reaction
$2ArI+Cu\longrightarrow Ar-Ar+Cu{I} _{2}$

The interaction of elemental sulphur $(S)$ with grignard reagent $(RMgX)$ gives mercaptan $(RSH)$ which is also called thioalcohol.

C. $2$-methyl-$2$-propanol
Acetyl chloride reacts with two equivalents of Grignard reagent to form tertiary alcohol, two of the groups bonded to $C$ having $O$H group are from the Grignard reagent.

Formic acid (containing only one C atom) cannot be prepared by Grignard reagent. The acid that can be prepared by Grignard reagent should contain a minimum of two carbon atoms. An example is as shown below.
$\displaystyle CO _2+CH _3-MgI \rightarrow CH _3-COO-MgI \xrightarrow [hydrolysis]{H^+} CH _3-COOH+ Mg(I)OH$

Solution:- (D) benzene

Wurtz & Wurtz-Fittig reactions involve Sodium (Na) metal.

 On reacting with metals and non metals sulphur undergoes combination reaction.
$\displaystyle Fe+S \rightarrow FeS$
$\displaystyle Cl _2+2S \rightarrow S _2Cl _2$
Note:
A combination reaction (also known as a synthesis reaction) is a reaction where two or more elements or compounds (reactants) combine to form a single compound (product).