All about mixtures - class-X

In chemistry, a mixture is a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances on which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

Air is a mixture of gases in the atmosphere. Water is a compound, oxygen $(O _2)$is a molecule and carbon dioxide is also a compound.

We separate mixture to remove the unwanted components and to get pure substances.

1. Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
   2)Compound a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight
   3) solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically different liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.
   
   Hence only mixtures are the one in which the individual properties of the components are retained

Droplet of water in air is an example of water in air, in this dispersed phase is water and dispersion medium is of air.

Ice is a pure substance (solid water, H2O) with a fixed chemical composition. Air, sea water, and soil are mixtures containing various substances.

Iron mixed with carbon to produce steel is the main component of stainless steel. Chromium is added to make it resistant to rust.

Centrifugation is a technique which involves the application of centrifugal force to separated particles from a solution.Generally this is used in wasting machines to separated water particles from cloths during dry washing.

Syrup is a mixture of thick sticky liquid consisting of a concentrated solution of sugar and water with or without the addition of a flavoring agent or medicinal substance.

Mixture perfectly uniform in its composition and properties throughout its bulk is called homogeneous mixture, e.g., solution of alcohol in water, dust free air etc.

We will get a homogeneous mixture which will be an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid and water making the acid dilute as no reaction takes place between sulphuric acid and water.

Bronze is a alloy, it is composed of the mixture of copper and tin. It was made before 3000 bc, though its use in artifacts did not become common until much later. The proportions of copper and tin varied widely (from 67 to 95 percent copper in surviving artifacts).

Mixture with different compositions and different properties at different locations in the mixture is called heterogeneous mixture.

Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that consists of physically different parts each with different properties.