Tundra regions - class-VII

The phenomenon of the midnight sun and polar nights is characteristic of high-latitude regions, specifically the Tundra or polar regions.

Permafrost is the term for soil or ground that remains at or below 0 degrees Celsius for two or more consecutive years, common in Tundra regions.

Antarctica is primarily an ice sheet and does not support Tundra vegetation in the same way as the northern circumpolar regions.

Tundra vegetation is found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and North America, but it is not a characteristic biome of South America.

The Tundra biome is characterized by a short growing season and cold temperatures, which limit vegetation to low-growing plants like mosses, lichens, and small shrubs.

Seals and walruses are marine mammals adapted to the cold, icy waters associated with the Tundra and polar regions.

Musk-oxen and snow foxes are animals adapted to the extremely cold climate of the Arctic Tundra. Other regions listed do not support these specific species.

The natives of the North-American tundra are known as The Eskimos.

The
northern part of the continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra region. Tundra regions are found in the northern
and southern hemispheres between the ice-covered poles and the coniferous
forests. In the north, this biome stretches across northern Canada and Alaska,
Siberia and northern Scandinavia, on or close to the Arctic Circle. There are
also areas of tundra in coastal Antarctica.

Due
to the cold, the upper soil surface of the tundra region is frozen into a
rock-like state all through the year. This is called permafrost. It comprises
24% of land in Northern Hemisphere. A massive amount of carbon is found in
permafrost. Structurally, permafrost is important. Erosion, disappearance of
lakes, landslides, and ground subsidence is caused by the melting of
permafrost. It also causes changes in composition of plant species at high
altitudes.

Tundra has cold and dry Climate. It is covered with snow and is very cold throughout the year. There is no sunshine in the winter season of the year, both days and nights are dark. In the month of February-March, the sun begins to shine. Sun shines for the whole day and night. This tundra region is also known as the land of the midnight sun. There are nearly six months' day and six months' night in the tundra region.

Tundra
regions are found in the northern and southern hemispheres between the poles
and the taiga or coniferous forests. It has spread across northern Canada and
Alaska, Siberia and northern Scandinavia in the north close to the Arctic
Circle. Tundra region also lies in coastal Antarctica. It has extreme freezing
winters. That’s why mostly trees are not able to survive here. So, most of the
Tundra region is treeless.

Tundra
is considered as the coldest and harshest biomes on the earth. Average temperature
of this region is 10 to 20 degree Fahrenheit.  There are many groups of people who live on
these regions still today. Eskimos are the largest group of people who reside
in Tundra region. They live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. They live
along the coast. Hunting and fishing is the main occupation of Eskimos.