Welfare State, Directive Principles and Business Cycle - Class IX

Articles 39-51 contain the Directive Principles. These principles can be broadly classified under five categories- Economic, Gandhian Protection of Environment and Monuments; Law Justice and Administration and International Peace and Security. 

The Government has set up several schemes to improve the lives of communities and individuals who have been treated unequally for several centuries. These schemes are to ensure greater opportunity for people who have not had this in the past.

Article 39 of Constitution of India have certain principles of policy to be followed by the state, including providing an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, equal pay for equal work for men and women, proper working conditions, reduction of the concentration of wealth and means of production from the hands of a few, and distribution of community resources to subserve the common good.

Article 39 lays down certain principles of policy to be followed by the State, including providing an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, equal pay for equal work for men and women, proper working conditions, reduction of the concentration of wealth and means of production from the hands of a few, and distribution of community resources to subserve the common good. Article 48 of the Constitution of India mandates the state to prohibit the slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. The State, according to Article 51, must also strive for the promotion of international peace and security, and Parliament has been empowered under Article 253 to make laws giving effect to international treaties. Prohibition of cow slaughter is a Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Article 48 of the Constitution.

This principle has been transformed into reality through the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 which provided for a three-tier Panchayati Raj system in the country. 

In welfare state the government helps the people against poverty, old age and unemployment. The term ‘welfare state’ describes collectively a range of social
policies that aim to provide basis services such as health and
education, according to the need and normally, free of charge through
state funding.

The Directive Principles of State Policy are the guidelines or principles given to the federal institutes governing the state of India, to be kept in citation while framing laws and policies. These provisions, contained in Part IV of the Constitution of India, are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down therein are considered irrefutable in the governance of the country, making it the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws to establish a just society in the country. The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland relate to social justice, economic welfare, foreign policy, and legal and administrative matters.

Right to Equality isn't in the Directive Principles of State Policy. The Directive Principles of State Policy, embodied in Part IV of the Constitution, are directions given to the state to guide the establishment of an economic and social democracy, as proposed by the Preamble.

a. Articles 41–43 mandate the State to endeavour to secure to all citizens the right to work, a living wage, social security, maternity relief, and a decent standard of living.

c. Article 39 lays down certain principles of policy to be followed by the State, including providing an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, equal pay for equal work for men and women, proper working conditions, reduction of the concentration of wealth and means of production from the hands of a few, and distribution of community resources to sub serve the common good.

d. Article 45 originally mandated the State to provide free and compulsory education to children between the ages of six and fourteen years.

Individual liberty is best reflected in a Welfare State. The welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the social and economic well-being of its citizens.

The importance of Village Panchayats was recognised by the fathers of the Indian Constitution. The provision for organising Village Panchayats exists in in the Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 40. Directive principles which are based on Gandhian ideology for Village Panchayat is:

“To organise village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government.”

Recession is also known as business contraction cycle ,where a decrease in general price level in an economy is observed.

Periodic variations occur after a fixed interval or period of time. They happen repeatedly. In economics, periodic variations can be found in production and consumption.