Chemical organization in living beings - class-XI

Oxysomes (also known as F0-F1 particles or ATP synthase complexes) are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and are primarily proteinaceous structures.

The acid-insoluble pool (retentate) in biochemical analysis contains macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides, which are too large to pass through the filter.

Proteins are building blocks of body. They are formed by monomer units i.e amino acids. Many amino acids undergo condensation reaction to form peptide bond.

Chromophores are light-absorbing molecules or proteins that were hypothesized to trap solar energy in early protocells, potentially creating electrical potentials.

Molecular weights increase from AMP (monophosphate) to ADP (diphosphate) to ATP (triphosphate). RNA and DNA are polymers of nucleotides and thus have significantly higher molecular weights than individual nucleotides.

Lipid is not a true polymer as it contains a distinct functional group at one end in addition to repeated units of Hydrocarbons. So, the growth of the polymer takes place only in one direction, which does not  occur in case of polymers. 

Lipids are fatty acids esters of alcohols. They are insoluble in water but get dissolved in an inorganic solvent like acetone, chloroform ether etc. lipid was termed by Bloor in 1943. Altman discovered mitochondria. Berzelius discovered chemical elements selenium, throium, cerium and silicon and Sutherland discovers the epinephrine. Thus, the correct option is B.

Most common lipids are triglycerides of glycerol and fatty acids. During digestion of lipids they are broken down into constituent fatty acids and glycerols by the action of lipase enzymes.

Proteins are the polymers of amino acids held together by peptide bonds and are also called as polypeptides. Carbohydrates (sugars) are polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketones or their derivatives. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides held together by phosphodiester bonds. Fats are fatty acid derivatives and are one of the storage lipids. Thus, the correct answer is A.

Lipids are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen where ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is less than that of water. Lipids are esters of fatty acids and alcohol which form emulsion with water but are soluble in organic solvents. Some of the common examples of lipids are butter, ghee, cholesterol, carotene etc.

Lipids are hydrophobic means water hating. They are water insoluble. Lipids are non-polar molecules while water is polar molecule, so there is no way for water to attach to a lipid molecule. Instead, the non-polar lipids will bind to themselves, which is why oils and fats form droplets on the surface of water.

Membrane phospholipids are amphipathic having a polar head made of phosphate residue and a non-polar lipid tail. The polar phosphate head is exposed on the surface while non-polar lipids are embedded within the interior of membrane.