Solid waste and control - class-XII

Waste can be categorized in many ways, including electronic waste, wastewater, and hazardous waste. Therefore, all the listed options are valid examples of waste.

Municipal waste, commonly known as trash or garbage in the U.S. and as refuse or rubbish in the UK, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. Garbage can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.

Electronic waste contains various toxic substances, including lead, mercury, cadmium, and dioxins (often released during improper burning or processing). While heavy metals are also present, dioxin is a well-known toxic byproduct associated with e-waste processing.

Discarded electronic items such as computers, phones, and appliances are specifically categorized as electronic waste, commonly referred to as e-waste.

The term 'e-waste' is an abbreviation for 'electronic waste', referring to discarded electrical or electronic devices.

While mining and agriculture produce large volumes of waste, municipal solid waste (generated by households and businesses in municipalities) is often cited as a massive and rapidly growing source of solid waste globally.

Improper disposal of e-waste releases toxic chemicals that can cause a wide range of health issues, including neurological damage (brain), respiratory issues (lung cancer), and genetic damage (DNA damage).

Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. Used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling or disposal are also considered e-waste.

Himachal Pradesh was the first state in India to impose a comprehensive ban on the use of polythene bags to combat environmental pollution.

The European Union has implemented strict regulations banning the use of certain phthalates in toys and childcare articles due to their potential health risks to children.

Through processes like pyrolysis, plastic waste can be broken down into hydrocarbons, which can be refined into fuels such as oil.

Ramesh Chander Dagar, an organic farmer from Akbarpur Barota village, Sonipat, Haryana demonstrates the idea behind most profitable farming in India. K. Ahmed Khan is an Indian scientist and businessman who made success in using plastic for road construction. He is the founder of KK Plastic Waste Management. Amrita Devi (Beniwal) sacrificed her life along with her three daughters viz. Asu. Department of Forest has started the prestigious state-level Amrita Devi Vishnoi for excellent contribution to the protection and conservation of wild animals.

While e-waste is growing rapidly, plastic waste is widely considered the most pervasive and harmful waste due to its persistence in the environment, accumulation in oceans, and impact on wildlife.