Biotechnology Techniques

What is the minimum genome size essential for packaging of the lambda vector into phage heads?

The lambda genome contains an origin of replication, genes for head and tail proteins and enzymes for DNA, lysis and lysogeny, and single-stranded protruding cohesive ends of 12 bases.The lambda genome remains linear in phage heads, but within E.coli cells the two cohesive ends join to form a circular molecule necessary for replication.

What is the main objective of using Northern hybridization?

Northern hybridization involves the use of electrophoresis to separate RNA samples by size and detection with a hybridization probe complementary to part of or the entire target sequence. The term 'northern blot' actually refers specifically to the capillary transfer of RNA from the electrophoresis gel to the blotting membrane.

In Western blotting, which of the following is used as probe for the identification of glycoproteins?

A hybridization probe is a fragment of DNA or RNA of variable length (usually 100-1000 bases long), which is used in DNA or RNA samples to detect the presence of nucleotide sequences (the DNA target) that are complementary to the sequence in the probe.

The enzymatic procedure of DNA sequencing was developed by:

The enzymatic procedure or DNA sequencing: The DNA to be sequenced is used as a template for in vitro synthesis by DNA polymerase. Not only are all four normal deoxynucleotide triphosphates present within the reaction mixture (dATP, dTTP, dGTP, dCTP), but also present are dideoxynucleotides, one of each type (eg. ddATP) per sequencing reaction. Dideoxynucleotides are deoxynucleotides which lack hydroxyl groups at both the 2' and 3' positions, therefore cannot extend the chain by linking to another nucleotide. So,they act as chain terminators.