Diseases

Leprosy is also known as Hansen's disease (HD). It is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis.

Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection involving the upper dermis that characteristically extends into the superficial cutaneous lymphatics. It is usually caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria.

Convalescent carrier is a person who has recovered from the symptoms of an infectious disease but is still capable of transmitting pathogens to others. Persons in this category are the most frequent source of infection for others.

Scarlet fever is a disease caused by infection with the group A Streptococcus bacteria. This bacterium produce a toxin that leads to the hallmark red rash of the illness.

Warts are small usually painless growths on the skin caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). A wart is generally a small rough growth typically on a human's hands or feet but often other locations that can resemble a cauliflower or a solid blister.

The virus particle consists an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein. These virions are 42 nm in diameter and are sometimes referred to as Dane particles. This is known as the Dane particle as it was discovered by Dane in 1970. The nucleocapsid encloses the viral DNA and a DNA polymerase that has reverse transcriptase activity.

HIV-1 virus is made up of protein envelope and two copies of single stranded RNA of the genome. The envelope contains 72 external spikes. This spike is made up from the glycoproteins GP120 and GP41. Here GP stands for glycoprotein and the number refers the mass of protein. GP120 is present in external spike and GP41 is in transmembrane.