Computer Networking Fundamentals

Loopback IPv4 address has default 1st byte as 127. It is represented as 127.x.x.x where x can be in the range of 0-255. Loopback IP address are generally used to test working of computer/networking devices in a computer network.

The maximum bandwidth's supported by different cables is given below: wisted pair cable- upto 300 Hz. Coaxial cable- upto 600 MHz.  Optical fiber cable- upto 2Gbps. Hence,  we choose optical fiber cable for high transmission of data in a network.

Circuit switching networks are expensive, reliable (no loss), faster in data transmission. Expensive because of end to end connection channel route is dedicated to the communication. Faster as no third party user uses the dedicated channel. Hence, faster. No information is lost hence ensures reliable. Example: Telephone communication.

Class D addresses of IPv4 addresses are reserved for multicast.Multicast is a technique to send a message to group of nodes rather than sending same message to each individual node individually.

The function of FTP is to transfer files between user computers/devices. Hence,  it must be reliable and data must reach to destination without any loss. Hence, it uses TCP, which provides reliability, loss-less data transmission. Where as UDP is unreliable and is not suitable for reliable file transmission.