CSAT Paper - 1 (Mock Test - 5)

Menander, after embracing Buddhism, came to be known as Milinda.

Ozone is not a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause greenhouse effect.

The unit of measurement of CO₂ in the atmosphere is ppm, i.e. parts per million.

Stratospheric ozone depletion is not one of the major environmental problems resulting from human interference in the nitrogen cycle.

Option (1) is the correct answer.

Silent Valley National Park is located in the Nilgiri Hills, Palakkad District in Kerala.

Industrialisation, deforestation and unscientific agricultural practices are the reasons of present problem of climate change. These three factors mainly contribute to pollution, emission of greenhouse gases and run away of fertilisers and pesticides in water bodies resulting in disturbance in weather patterns.

Norway produces the highest proportion of its total energy by using hydro sources.

The basic reason for climate change lies in unscientific practices like industrialisation, use of fertilisers and pesticides in agriculture, and deforestation.

Climate change will lead to rise in the sea level, inundation of coastal areas and subduction of biological hotspots, like coral reefs, etc.

To make the Indian agriculture more ecofriendly, we should practice all of the above, except monoculture. Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from minimal labour. This extracts nutrients from soil and causes land pollution.

Cell membrane is selectively permeable. This is because some materials can pass freely through the cell membrane while others cannot.

Artificial light can bring about photosynthesis. Mostly all spectrums of light can help a plant grow and undergo photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis proceeds at a much faster rate than respiration. Since photosynthesis proceeds at a much faster rate than respiration, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by photosynthesis is much more than that released by respiration under the two conditions.

Human blood has the highest percentage of neutrophils. Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant type of white blood cells in mammals and form an essential part of the innate immune system.

The chief value of perspiration is that it regulates body temperature.

Plants carry on photosynthesis during the day and respiration all the time. For the process of photosynthesis, plants need time to produce food, so it is done during the day and respiration is done all time.

Astragalus is not found in humans. 

The Widal test is used to diagnose typhoid fever. It is a test whereby bacteria that causes typhoid fever are mixed with serum containing specific antibodies obtained from an infected individual. It is a presumptive serological test for enteric fever or undulant fever.

In the event of snake bite, a piece of cloth is tied tightly around the wound to prevent the poison from spreading. As the snake venom is so poisonous, so to prevent it from spreading in the whole body, it is better to tie up a cloth around the wound.

Epilepsy is not a complication of the cataract surgery. Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures over time. Seizures are episodes of disturbed brain activity that cause changes in attention or behaviour.

RF blood test is the test used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis. 

The largest emitter of greenhouse gases, as of 2010, was USA.

Toramana was the founder of the Huna Empire in India. 

In trigeminal neuralgia, pain is the main symptom that patients often complain. Trigeminal neuralgia is a nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face. The main symptoms are very painful, sharp electric-like spasms that usually last a few seconds or minutes.

Osteoporosis is the main cause of hip fracture. From about 35 years of age, you gradually lose bone density. This is a normal part of ageing, but for some people it can lead to osteoporosis.

Sodium depletion occurs in excessive sweating and cannot be corrected by drinking water alone. When uncorrected, it may lead to muscle cramps, loss of energy, fatigue and faintness.

In case of road accidents, your first step towards helping the injured person should be to treat asphyxia. Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from being unable to breathe normally. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalised hypoxia, which primarily affects the tissues and organs.

Chandragupta I styled himself as Maharajadhiraja.

The capital of ancient kingdom of Avanti was Ujjain.

During elections, a permanent chemical mark is put at the base of the nail of index finger while exercising your franchise. This mark is not seen after two months or so because the formation of new nail forcibly removes the old one. As the new nail plate cells are made, they push older nail plate cells forward and in this way older cells become compressed, flat and translucent. This makes the capillaries in the nail bed below visible, resulting in a pink colour.

Jaunpur was known as the Shiraz of the East during the reign of the Sharqi Sultans. 

Alexander crossed the Indus at Und to come to India.

Kadungon was the founder of the Pandyan Empire.

B. G. Tilak propounded the theory that the original home of the Aryans was the Arctic region.

Ala-ud-Din Hasan founded the Bahmani Kingdom in 1347 AD. 

Epic is a privacy-centric web browser developed by Hidden Reflex and based on Chromium source code. It is the first web browser from India.

New Zealand sportsman, Eric Tindill, was the world’s oldest surviving Test cricketer.

Access to clean water and sanitation was declared as a human right essential to the full enjoyment of life by the United Nations General Assembly recently.

Reliance Industries Ltd. was in the news for acquiring a 60% stake in a Shale gas joint venture with Carrizo Oil and Gas of USA.

A. K. Kutty, Subhash B. Aggarwal, L. Ibomcha Singh, Ajay Kumar Bansal and Captain Chandrup were in the news for winning Dronacharya Award.

Rajesh Burbure was in the news for creating a Guinness World Record in singing.

Option (4) is the correct answer.

Puthuvayil Narayana Panicker is known as the Father of the Library Movement in Kerala. He initiated Kerala Grandhasala Sanghom, which ignited a popular cultural movement in Kerala at the end of which the state acquired total literacy in the 1990s.

Galapagos Islands, Ecuador was removed from the World Heritage of Sites in Danger by UNESCO.

Arundhati Roy was the only Indian among the Forbes magazine’s '30 Utterly Inspiring Role Models' list 2011.

RBI's share in NABARD equity, in December 2010, was 1%.

Seven major rivers along with their tributaries make up the river system of India. The seven rivers are Indus, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi.

The Tapi River drains into Gulf of Cambay.

The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta is the largest delta in the world. It empties into the Bay of Bengal. It is also one of the most fertile regions in the world, thereby earning the nickname 'The Green Delta'.

The retreating monsoon withdraws itself from North-West India to Bengal and then to Kerala. Withdrawal or the retreat of the monsoon is a more gradual process. The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in northwestern states of India by early September. By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula. The withdrawal from the southern half of the peninsula is fairly rapid. By early December, the monsoon has withdrawn from the rest of the country.

Indravati is a tributary of Godavari.

The Dravidian language family is the least dispersed among the four major language families of India. The Dravidian language family includes approximately 85 genetically related languages, spoken by about 217 million people. They are mainly spoken in southern India and parts of eastern and central India as well as in northeastern Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iran, Malaysia and Singapore.

Triple antigen vaccine is given to children to protect them against whooping cough. Whooping cough is one of the most contagious bacterial infections known.

The farthest bright galaxies that modern telescopes are capable of seeing are up to 10 billion light-years away.

The pH of acid rain is below 5.6. Acid rain is defined as any rain with a pH value of less than 5.6.

Changes in the environment can cause population to change over time.

Energy is stored by most of the autotrophs in the form of starch. 

Ducks and carnivorous fish, in a certain pond, are secondary consumers. The primary consumers in a pond ecosystem are the herbivores like small fish, tadpole, etc., which feed on phytoplankton. These herbivores become the food of secondary consumers like some small fishes, crabs, frogs, etc. The secondary consumers then become the food of the tertiary consumers like large fish, turtles, etc.

Indravati is not a tributary of the Ganga. Indravati is a tributary of the Godavari River.

Devaprayag is located at the confluence of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi.

Black soil is rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, lime and iron, but is deficient in phosphorus. This helps in growing of crops like cotton, so the black soil is called as black cotton soil.

Variations have been modified to some extent through social intermixing in racial traits in India.

The death of the last individual of a species is called extinction. The extinction term widely means the death of the last individual of a species and that species won’t be seen later on.

Cancer is a deadly disease because it has the ugly potential of disseminating vital organs. Cancer can affect just about every organ in the human body.

Short-sightedness can be corrected by a concave lens. It spreads the light out before it reaches the convex lens in the eye, thereby letting the image focus directly on the retina.

Option 4 is the correct answer.

Mumps is a disease caused by virus. The virus usually spreads through saliva and can infect many parts of the body, especially the parotid salivary glands.

The Eastern Ghats are not one of the main watersheds of India.

Tribals of central and southern India belong to Proto-Australoids. The Proto-Australoids are a hypothesised group of ancient hunter-gatherer people, who descended from the first major wave of modern humans to leave sub-Saharan Africa ~100,000 years ago. 

Rubber is best cultivated at an altitude of 300-700 metres. Rainfall of around 250 cm, evenly distributed without any marked dry season and with at least 100 rainy days per year and the temperature range of about 20°C to 34°C with a monthly mean of 25°C to 28°C is suitable for rubber cultivation.

The port of Tamralipti handled the North Indian trade during the Gupta period. 

In a terrestrial ecosystem, the trophic level that would contain the largest biomass would be the producers. A biomass pyramid shows the amount of biomass at each trophic level. Terrestrial biomass generally decreases markedly at each higher trophic level. Examples of terrestrial producers are grasses, trees and shrubs. These have a much higher biomass than the animals that consume them such as deer, zebras and insects. The levels with the least biomass are the highest predators in the food chain such as foxes and eagles, etc.

Hydrogen is not a noble gas. The noble gases make a group of chemical elements with similar properties. Under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six noble gases that occur naturally are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe) and the radioactive radon (Rn).

Krishna does not make an estuary. An estuary is a body of water formed where freshwater from rivers and streams flows into the ocean, mixing with the seawater.

Formation of V-shaped valley is a characteristic of youth topography.

In India, the practice of environmental impact assessment started in 1986. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects.

The nuclear power plant at Jaitapur is being built with assistance of France.

A star is formed by the contraction of large sphere of gases, causing the nuclear fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements.

One light-hour is the distance that light travels in an hour which is 1.08 billion km. It is the distance light travels in a vacuum in one hour.

National Highway 9 (NH 9) is a major National Highway in central India passing through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

1° per day is the approximate rate of Earth’s revolution around the sun. The formula which is used to calculate this is Kepler’s third law which states that the squares of the orbital periods of planets are directly proportional to the cubes of the axes of the orbits. Earth's orbit is an ellipse, i.e. 360° and it takes 365.25 days to go 360°. So in one day, Earth moves 1.0145833°.

The redshift of light from distant galaxies provides evidence that the universe is expanding. In an expanding universe such as the one we inhabit, the scale factor is monotonically increasing as time passes, thereby distant galaxies appear redshifted.

Orca whales are normally the least in number in a food chain. Though killer whales, also called orcas, are considered whales by most people, they are actually members of the dolphin family.

A group of similar organisms whose members freely interbreed with one another is called a species. In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank.

Biological communities change because each stage modifies the environment and adapts for a later stage. This change is due to growing acceptance for the idea that all of life is interconnected and that the living world is tied to the non-living or inorganic world. 

In the human body, Henle's loop is found in the kidney. Named after its discoverer, F. G. J. Henle, the loop of Henle's main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney.

According to WHO, the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted through food cooked beyond 100°C. In areas experiencing outbreaks, poultry and poultry products can be safely consumed provided these items are properly cooked and properly handled during food preparation. The H5N1 virus is sensitive to heat. Normal temperatures used for cooking, i.e. 70°C in all parts of the food, will kill the virus.

We have enzyme tests for the detection of glucose.
Clinitest is a trademark for reagent tablets used to test for the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose in the urine.
A glucose tolerance test is a medical test in which glucose is given and blood samples are taken afterwards to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood.

Protrusion of eyeball is a symptom of hyperthyroidism. The forward protrusion of the eyes is due to immune-mediated inflammation in the retro-orbital fat. Exophthalmos, when present, may exacerbate hyperthyroid lid lag and stare.

As viewed from Earth, stars appear to move across the sky at night because of Earth’s rotation. The stars appear to move, but it is actually just our location on Earth that is moving (West to East). Any actual motion of the stars is too small to detect because of the huge distances involved.

During night-time cooling, most of the energy radiated by Earth’s oceans into space is infrared rays.

Stars like the sun of our Solar System were formed directly from nebula. All stars are formed from nebulae. Nebula is a term for a cloud of gas and stars are formed from gas.

Godavari is the longest peninsular river.

Meandering tendency and often shifting their beds is not a characteristic of peninsular rivers.

According to the geological history, the Aravalli Range is the oldest mountain range in India. 

India has endless growing season because temperatures throughout the year are favourable for growth of plants.

The belt of the highest temperature, in the month of March, lies in southern and central parts of the Deccan Plateau.

INS Kadamba is a major base of Indian Navy at Karwar.

The circum-Pacific belt is highly prone to the occurrence of earthquakes because it is a zone of convergent plate boundaries.