UP CPMT - Biology (2009)

Terminator technology is the genetic modification of plants to make them produce sterile seeds. These seeds are also known as suicide seeds.

Table sugar is represented by sucrose, which is a disaccharide that is made up of two units of glucose and fructose.

Totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell to produce the entire plant.

Polyploidy is the heritable condition of possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes. Polyploids are common among plants.

The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that genes act through the production of enzymes, with each gene being responsible for producing a single enzyme. This affects a single step in metabolic pathway. The concept was proposed by George Beadle and Edward Tatum.

Senescence is the process of ageing in plants. In this process, certain hormones (abscissic acid) become active and destroy the functional life of plants. It leads to ageing.

Photoperiodism can also be defined as the developmental response of plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods. Phytochrome is a plant hormone that detects light.

Biotic potential is the maximum reproductive capacity of an organism under optimum environmental conditions.

It is a secondary stage of ecological succession, after a community is interfered with or destroyed by fire, flood, grazing etc.

The tapetum secretes a peri-tapetal membrane with Ubisch bodies. It is first secreted with the clusters of globules and then with the exine-like spines on the top of clusters.

Lodicules are the specialised scales at the base of the ovary of certain grass flowers. It is represented as perianth.

Linnaeus's plant taxonomy was based solely on the number and arrangement of the reproductive organs. A plant's class was determined by its stamens (male organs) and its order by its pistils (female organs).

Alginic acid is an anionic polysaccharide that is distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, such as laminaria.

P-protein (phloem protein) is found in large numbers in the sap-conducting sieve elements of phloem tissue.

Okra or lady finger is a mucilaginous seed pod (Hibiscus Esculentus) and it belongs to the Malvaceae family.