UP CPMT (Botany) - 2000

The main function of the golgi apparatus is to modify, sort and package the macromolecules that are synthesised by the cells for secretion purposes or for use within the cell.

The movement of plant organs in response to contact and shaking is called seismonasty or thigmonasty. It is most strikingly expressed by the leaves of Mimosa pudica.

It is a mechanism by which cells ingest extracellular fluid and its contents. It involves the formation of invaginations by the cell membrane. This is also called as cell drinking.

Cytokinins are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation. They also affect apical dominance, axillary bud growth, and leaf senescence.

In gymnosperms, female meiocyte undergoes meiosis and four unequal megaspores are formed in a linear tetrad.

A false fruit or pseudo-carp is derived from the floral parts, other than the ovary. In pome, fruit is derived from fleshy thalamus.

Lysosomes are formed by the fusion of transport vesicles that are budding from the trans Golgi network with endosomes, which contain molecules taken up by endocytosis at the plasma membrane.

Fluid mosaic model consists of a bilayer of phospholipids on which proteins are embedded. The proteins which span the length of the bilayer are called integral proteins and those which are present on the surface are called extrinsic proteins.

All the lysosomal enzymes are acid hydrolases, which are active at the acidic pH (about 5) that is maintained within lysosomes.

Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction of a plant. Only one plant is involved and the offspring is the result of one parent. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent.

Mitochondria are the prime site of ATP synthesis. For this reason, they are also called as the power house of the cell.

Phragmoplast is the cytoplasmic structure that forms at the equator of the spindle, after the chromosomes have divided during the anaphase of plant.

The first stable product is a 3-carbon compound called as phosphoglyceraldehyde. Hence, it is named C3 cycle.

Guttation is caused due to a positive hydrostatic pressure (root pressure) that develops in the xylem ducts of the root.

Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall around their cell membrane. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics.

The lower cells of the archegonium divide and produce a protective structure, called calyptra. It sheathes the growing embryo.

In upright pyramid of biomass, first position is of producers. Producers are eaten by herbivores. Hence, herbivores occupy second position in the pyramid.

The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also known as rRNA.

Some genera have ovules that are rotated at right angle to their stalk. This is called twisting or torsion and is the characteristic of solanaceae.

An insectivorous plant captures prey items like insects, spiders, crustaceans, mites and protozoans, as a nitrogen source.

BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen that is required by the bacteria to degrade the organic components present in water. It is often used as a degree of organic pollution of water.

Inulin belongs to a class of dietary fibers known as fructans. These are polysaccharides.

Food is formed in the form of sugar during photosynthesis in plants. Finally, the sugar is converted into starch as it is the storage form of food in plants.

Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. Thus, meiosis involves two nuclear divisions and one chromosomal division.

Farmer and Moore coined the term meiosis.

Histones are highly alkaline or basic proteins that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. 

In genetic engineering, pieces of chromosome from a different organism can be inserted into a plasmid from bacteria. This allows the bacteria to make human insulin.

Microsporophyll is a leaf-like structure that bears microsporangia. Hence, it is a male structure.

Forest contains the highest number of plants and trees among the given ecosystems. So, it has the highest primary productivity.

Aerosols target carbon dioxide and combines with it easily. It makes carbon dioxide unavailable for photosynthesis, therby decreasing primary productivity.

Amyloplasts are responsible for the synthesis and storage of starch granules, through the polymerisation of glucose.

Bacteria are prokaryotic cells without nucleus and mitochondria.

A term of historical interest (1835), applied to the protoplasm of protozoa before the term protoplasm was coined. It was given by Dujardin.

Ciliated sperms indicate that cilia are present for locomotion inside the water. This confirms the aquatic ancestry of bryophytes.

A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts. Light reactions take place here.

Iodine is the principal element found in thyroxine hormone. Laminaria contains ample amount of it.

The development of an embryo without the occurrence of fertilisation is called apomixis.

In the first step, oxaloacetate (4-C) is joined with acetyl CoA to form citric acid, which is a 6-carbon compound.

This is the correct sequence of the stages of prophase 1.

A loment (or lomentum) is a type of indehiscent legume fruit that breaks apart at constrictions occurring between segments, so that each segment contains one seed.

Monocarpellary ovary means having single carpel. Diadelphous androecium means stamens are united in two bundles and marginal placentation means that there is only one elongated placenta on one side of the ovary, as ovules are attached at the fusion line. This is the characteristic of family papillionaceae.

Vernalisation is the promotion of flowering in response to prolonged periods of low temperatures, such as those experienced in winter.

This is the correct sequence of the cell cycle. The G1 stage stands for GAP 1. The S stage stands for synthesis. This is the stage when DNA replication occurs. The G2 stage stands for GAP 2. The M stage stands for mitosis.

It is found in the wetlands. Hence, it is called as an amphibian plant.

The species which occupy the same niche (living near the same place) will obviously have severe competition for food, light and space.

Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete that causes the serious disease known as late blight of potato.

In sensor mechanism, seeds remain arrested inside the ovary even after maturity. They wait for the brisk wind to produce further motion in the fruit.

In the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP plus phosphate (Pi), ΔG°′ = -7.3 kcal/mol or -7300 cal/mol is produced.

Cell division by simple cleavage of the nucleus and division of the cytoplasm without spindle formation is called amitosis.