Life Processes (Transportation + Excretion) SET - I...

The cup-shaped part of nephron which receives the glomerular filtrate is called Bowman’s capsule.

The blood in kidneys is filtered by nephrons, the functional units of the kidney. Each nephron begins in a renal corpuscle, which is composed of a glomerulus enclosed in a Bowman's capsule.

Several collecting ducts unite to form larger ducts that empty urine into a calyx at the tip of the renal pyramid. 

Renal artery gives rise to a bunch of capillaries called glomerulus.

Hemodialysis is the separation of certain substances from blood by use of a selectively permeable membrane.

Vacuoles are the membrane-bound organelles of plant cells. These store food or waste products.

Antidiuretic hormone promotes the reabsorption of water from the nephron during urine formation. It acts on the distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts and increases the reabsorption of water from it. Calcitonin is the hormone produced from the thyroid glands. 

Ureters are the long tubes which connect the kidneys with the urinary bladder. 

The process of removal of waste products of metabolism is very essential to life. Plants get rid of excretory gases through the pores (stomata) on the surface of the leaves.

Waste products are stored as resins in old xylem plants. Some plant wastes are very useful to human beings, e.g. rubber, latex, gum, resins and essential oils like eucalyptus or sandalwood oil. 

Deoxygenated (without oxygen) blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle and then, right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where it is supplied with fresh oxygen and carbon dioxide is removed.

Phloem transports products of photosynthesis (sugar and food) from the leaves where they are synthesised to other parts of the plant.

Inferior vena cava brings blood from lower half of the body.
Superior vena cava brings blood from upper half of the body.
Both of these large veins join at the right atrium of the heart.
Thus, (2) is incorrect and (1) is correct.

Blood has platelet cells which help in clotting of blood at the points of injury. Blood clotting is a complex mechanism.

Crocodile belongs to class Reptilia. All the members of class Reptilia have a 3-chambered heart. Crocodile is an exception, which possesses 4-chambered heart like mammals and birds.

Oxygenated blood from the lungs comes to thin walled upper chamber of the heart (left atrium). Left atrium is relaxed when it is collecting the oxygenated blood. After that, it contracts, while the next chamber (the left ventricle) expands. So, the blood is moved to left ventricle. If the left ventricle contracts, it pumps the oxygenated blood to different parts of the body.

Fat, potassium and lipids are not the products of photosynthesis.

Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting. Blood has platelet cells, which help in clotting of blood at the points of injury. Blood clotting is a complex mechanism. Vitamin K plays an important role as it helps in forming an enzyme, which helps in clotting. Dietary sources of vitamin K are fish livers, egg yolks, soyabean and green leafy vegetables.

Oxygenated blood passes from the left atrium into the left ventricle, from where it is pumped out of the heart into the aorta (body's largest artery).

After supplying oxygenated blood to various parts of the body, the blood becomes deoxygenated. This deoxygenated blood is supplied into a large vein known as vena cava, which empties into right atrium or auricle of the heart.