CPMT - 2002 (Zoology)

Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features and mild to moderate intellectual disability.

Mitochondrion is called as the powerhouse of the cell. It has a specific role in producing ATP, the energy currency. Thus, it plays a major role in respiration.

This book was published in the year 1859.

The gene which is responsible for the condition is carried on the X chromosome. Due to this, more men are affected than women.

Pseudocoelom is a body cavity derived from the blastocoel.

Smooth muscles make up the walls of the intestine, uterus, blood vessels and internal muscles of the eye. Largest smooth muscle is present in the uterus of pregnant women.

The theory of recapitulation is often expressed in Ernst Haeckel's phrase 'ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny'.

Regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration and growth. Minimum regenerative power is present in nervous tissue.

A myogenic heart contracts by itself without any external stimulus, while a neurogenic heart contracts after receiving an external stimulus in the form of a nerve impulse. Elephants and all other mammals have myogenic hearts.

The alary muscles, so named because of their general wing or delta shape in many insects, lie immediately on top of the dorsal diaphragm. Each chamber has a pair of alary muscles which expand and contract to facilitate the flow of haemolymph through the heart.

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is produced by the hypothalamus in the brain and is stored in the posterior pituitary gland at the base of the brain. In kidneys, it regulates the absorption of water in distal convoluted tubules of nephrons.

Meissner's corpuscles are touch receptors that are located near the surface of the skin. These nerve endings are responsible for detecting a light touch to the skin.

Acoustic communication is essential for the frog's survival. 

The deltoid muscle is attached to the ridge on the humerus.

It is a small and densely staining structure in the cell nuclei of females that consists of a condensed and inactive X chromosome. It is regarded as diagnostic of genetic femaleness.

Each of the two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome is called an allele.

The pseudocoelom is a fluid-filled body cavity that lies inside the external body wall of the nematode that bathes all the internal organs, including the alimentary system and the reproductive system.

Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies. They belong to the order Lepidoptera.

This is a cell in the pulp of tooth. It produces dentine.

Abducens nerve is the sixth cranial nerve. It controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. It is a motor nerve.

Usually, several testes develop on the anterior half of the column and usually one ovary develops on the posterior half of the column.

Mosquitoes have mouthparts which are used for piercing and sucking. The paired mandibles and maxillae are formed into needle-like structures (stylets), which are enclosed by the labium.

Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G-cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, duodenum and the pancreas.

The nerve cord is ventral in position and runs from the fourth segment all the way to the last segment of the worm. In cockroach, the ventral nerve cord runs along the ventral wall of thorax and abdomen and possesses nine fused ganglia, out of which three are thoracic and six are abdominal in position.

Genetic recombination during meiosis and fertilisation can lead to a novel set of genetic information, that can be passed on from the parents to the offspring.

Azoic era was the age of rocks that were formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence.

Yeast is not the source of vitamin A. Yeast is rich in vitamin B complex.

Complete metamorphosis is the total change of an insect that goes through four distinct stages. Those stages are egg, larva, pupa and adult.

Amphiblastula larva is the larva of Sycon, which is a poriferan.

The elaborate structures show that the Neanderthals had a more sophisticated level of social organisation.

A nephric tubule leads from each nephrostome through the septum and into the following segment. This tubule then leads to the main body fluid filtering organ, the nephridium or metanephridium, which removes metabolic waste from the coelomic fluid and expels it through pores called nephridiopores. These are found maximum in the clitellar region as this region is formed by merging two or three segments.

The respiratory centres (RCs) are located in the medulla oblongata and pons, which are parts of the brainstem. The RCs receive controlling signals of neural, chemical and hormonal nature and control the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, black fever and Dumdum fever, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a disease that is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus.

Correct Answer: All of the above

These hairs, called cilia, move back and forth to help move particles out of our body. We find ciliated epithelial tissue in our respiratory tract and in the fallopian tubes of women. Ciliated epithelium contains goblet cells, which secrete mucous. It is present in the nasal chamber.

A wisdom tooth or third molar is one of the three molars per quadrant of the human dentition.

The complete aerobic oxidation of glucose is coupled to the synthesis of as many as 38 molecules of ATP.

It is the mature gametocyte of Plasmodium that is solely responsible for parasite transmission from the mammalian host to the mosquito.

This is the hard, powerful cutting jaw.

Parathormone is synthesised and released into the blood stream by the parathyroid glands. It regulates phosphorus and calcium in the body.

The larvae liberated into the small intestine do not directly develop into mature worms. The rhabditiform larvae penetrate the gut mucosa and are carried by the portal circulation to the liver, where they live for 3 to 4 days. Finally, they pass out of the liver and enter the pulmonary circulation through the right heart. In the capillary of the lungs, they grow almost ten times bigger.

Methane was certainly present in the pre-biotic atmosphere.

This is correctly matched as female anopheles is the vector which spreads malaria.

Deamination is the removal of an amino group from an amino acid or other compound.

The pelvic girdle consists of two similar halves, which are known as ossa innominata. Each os innominatum is formed by three bones. The dorsal bone is known as ilium, antero-ventral bone is named as pubis and the ventral bone is called ischium.

These are flagellated cells with a collar of protoplasm at the base of the flagellum, number of which line the internal chambers of sponges.

Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidneys and its chief function is to regulate water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. Its function is vital for homeostasis.

Each chain contains one heme group each of which contains one iron ion. The iron is the site of oxygen binding. Each iron can bind one O₂ molecule. Thus, each haemoglobin molecule is capable of binding a total to four O₂ molecules.

Rh incompatibility occurs when an Rh- mother is impregnated by an Rh+ father. The result can be an Rh+ baby. In such a case, the baby's Rh antigens will be perceived as foreign invaders, the way viruses or bacteria are perceived. The mother's blood cells attack the baby's as a protective mechanism, that can end up harming the child. This is called as erythroblastosis fetalis.

The original evolution of life or living organisms from inorganic or inanimate substances suggests abiogenesis.