UP CPMT (2007) Part - 1

In this the solution is hypertonic and the flower cell is hypotonic. Water will leave the flower cell, hence exosmosis will occur.

Pyramid of energy, is always upright in any of the ecosystem, as the highest energy lies in the lowest trophic level which contains plants and trees.

Polyarch xylem means having many protoxylem groups.This condition is common in monocot roots.

In mesogmay pollen tube enters the ovule of female flower, through its integuments.eg. cucurbita

Pollen tube is formed from tube nucleus of the microspore or the pollen grain in both angiosperm and gymnosperms.The generative nucleus divides to form two male gametes which are carried by the pollen tube in both the groups.

Collenchyma cells have thin primary walls with some areas of secondary thickening. Collenchyma provides extra structural support, particularly in regions of new growth.

Ommatophore is a part of an invertebrate animal(mollusca) especially a tentacle, which bears an eye. 

A stratified squamous epithelium consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane.Keratinized dead layer is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.

Hyperthermia causes a rightward shift of the curve.Thus making it more steep.

Variations are any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences (genotypic variation) or by the effect of environmental factors on the expression of the genetic potentials (phenotypic variations).They finally lead to evolution.

Ozone functions as both, an oxidant and disinfectant, in the treatment of drinking (potable) water .

Phytoalexin is a substance that is produced by plant tissues in response to contact with a parasite and specifically inhibits the growth of that parasite.

Two prothallial cells are present in Pinus.

Ozone is formed.Ozone far above us in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) absorbs and protects us from deadly ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in the lower atmosphere, (troposphere) where we live is toxic.

There are around 4 archegonia in Cycas

A cell swells in hypotonic solution.A hypotonic solution is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. In the biological fields, this generally refers to a solution that has less solute and more water than another solution.

C value - the amount of DNA per haploid cell (usually expressed as picograms) or the number of kilobases per haploid cell. Eukaryotic organisms appear to have 2-10 times, as many genes as prokaryotes.

The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle fibers that is responsible for changing the shape of the lens, in the eye to achieve accommodation. Suspensory ligaments connect the ciliary muscle to the lens.

When many food chains are interlocked then it results in the formation of food web.Extinction of a species leads to a gap in food chain owing to its presence, which is then compensated by food web, which itself is formed by many food chains intermingled together.

An enterogastrone is any hormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum in the lower gastrointestinal tract, in response to dietary lipids, that inhibits the caudal motion of the contents of chyme.

The larva breathes through a tube called a siphon that touches the surface of the water and help the mosquitoes to receive air.

The gastrovascular cavity is the primary organ of digestion and circulation in two major animals- phyla: the Cnidaria (including jellyfish and corals) and Platyhelminthes (flatworms). The cavity may be extensively branched into a system of canals.

Dominanat stage in Bryophytes is gametophytic or haploid(n) .The main plant body is mostly haploid .Diploid stage is present in the form of zygote.

Maximum amount of photosynthesis occurs in red light, followed by blue light

Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine in the liver, forming bile salts. Primary bile acids are those synthesized by the liver. These help in the digestion of lipids.

The labella is a complex structure consisting of many grooves, called pseudotrachea, which sops up liquids much like a sponge does. Salivary secretions from the labella assist in dissolving and collecting food particles so that they may be more easily taken up by the pseudotrachea.

The cooling of seed during germination in order to accelerate flowering when it is planted is called as vernalization. Gibberellic acid controls vernalization.

Cytokinesis in terrestrial plants occurs by cell plate formation. Plant cells have walls, so cytokinesis cannot proceed with a cleavage furrow. Instead, during telophase, a cell plate forms across the cell.

Metamerism is the process of dividing into body segments.It is absent in 'Taenia solium'(though its body is divided into segments but the segmentation is not embryonic hence it is not considered as true metamerism)

The pharyngeal dorsal bulb of the earthworm is a true salivary gland. Thus, salivary glands are found on the pharyngeal wall.

In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver. Deamination is the removal of ammonia from the amino acids.

Cancer or tumor is the abnormal growth of cells by mitosis.

A0 is the top layer in the soil profile which is rich in humus.

A Schwann cell wraps around the axon many times, forming a spiral of membrane. The myelin sheath serves as an insulator for individual axons, allows the signals to move faster along the axon and can help in the repair of a damaged axon.

Tiny reddish lesions occur on the upper surface of the lamina. Minute red spots occur on the upper surface of the midrib in both the directions. Later on, these become straw colored in the center with the development of black acervuli and dark reddish brown margins.

The sac-like glands between the 5^th and 6^th abdominal tergites are called stink glands in cockroaches.

Wuchereria bancrofti is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. Thus, it is found in the lymph nodes.

The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that genes act through the production of enzymes, with each gene responsible for producing a single enzyme that in turn affects a single step in a metabolic pathway. This was proved by Beadle and Tatum.

Centrosome is required in the formation of centrioles which is required during cell division mainly in animals.It is absent in plants.

From a single cut along the body column, two different types of regeneration arise; foot regeneration from the apical part and head regeneration from the basal part. The high proportion of stem cells in the Hydra body column supports these fast and efficient processes.

Vasopressin regulates the body's retention of water by acting to increase water reabsorption in the kidney's collecting ducts, the tubules which receive the very dilute urine, produced by the functional unit of the kidney, the nephrons.

Cyathium is a false flower. One extremely reduced female flower stands in the centre at the base of the involucre, consisting of an ovary on a short stem with pistil.

Cristae are the minute infoldings of the inner membrane of mitochondria. They appear like finger like projections.

Guanine is the excretory product in spiders .Excretion of guanine requires lesser amount of water hence it is secreted in spiders which have lower water content in them.

Capillaries are fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. It is a tube which has an internal diameter of hair-like thinness.

One cyst of E.histolytica yield only one amoeba.

The first mammals evolved toward the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic era.

There is lot of interaction between producers and consumers. Basically, these are interdependent over each other. For example, producers provide food to consumers and consumers provide carbon dioxide as a raw material to producers.This brings a stability in ecosystem.

Root of flowering plant is 2n (diploid) and gametes are n (haploid). Hence, gametes will contain half the number of chromosomes, i.e. 12.

Raphe is a longitudinal ridge formed by the funiculus on the side of certain ovules or seeds.

The pneumotaxic center is a network of neurons in the rostral dorsal lateral pons. It controls the intensity of breathing.

Correct Answer: Both 1 and 3

Darwin's theory was called as the theory of natural selection. It included struggle for existence and survival of fittest during evolution.

The copulatory organ of lizards is paired, with each unit being called a hemipenis. Lizards also have exoskeleton comprised of scales.

Mulches are loose coverings or sheets of material that are placed on the surface of cultivated soil. They help soils retain moisture in summer and suppress weeds.

Anopheles mosquitoes can be distinguished from other mosquitoes by the palps, which are as long as the proboscis. In males, 3-segmented maxillary palp is present.

Adrenaline triggers the body's fight-or-flight response during emergencies.It is secreted from Adrenal medulla.

When a body is externally and internally divided into segments with serial repetition of atleast some organs, then it is called metamerism. In earthworm, segments are about 100 to 120 in number.

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that is responsible for a disease called amoebiasis. Trophozoites migrate to the large intestine, where they live and multiply by binary fission. Both cysts and trophozoites are sometimes present in the faeces. Cysts are usually found in firm stool, whereas trophozoites are found in loose stool. Only cysts can survive longer periods (up to many weeks outside the host) and infect other humans.

Almost all the members of the Malvaceae yield bast fibres.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction. Hence, it is called as reduction division.

Histamine is an amine and is produced as part of a local immune response to cause inflammation.

Correct Answer: (2/1), (0/0), (3/2), (3/3)

Correct Answer: Only i and ii

Many fungi are considered as eukaryote and cause diseases.

Crustaceans have a hard exoskeleton made of calcium. Thorax portion has two pairs of antennae, and three pairs of mouthparts. A pair of green glands excrete wastes near the base of antennae. The abdominal segments have swimmerets (swimming legs).

These symbols are used for chromosomes in birds. Males are the homogametic sex (ZZ), while females are the heterogametic sex (ZW). The Z chromosome is larger and has more genes.

Correct Answer: All of the above

In pteridophytes, sporophytic phase is not dependent on diploid or sporophytic phase.

In the penetration stage, the virus enters the host cell and injects its lysozyme in the bacteria.

The vasa efferentia arise from each testis and enter the kidney to open in the Bidder's canal. It is thin and slender and is found in male frog.

In this type of metamorphosis, changes are made by the repair process. This happens during regeneration of liver.

Alginic acid, also called algin or alginate, is an anionic polysaccharide that is distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae.

Diatoms are a major group of algae, and are among the most common types of phytoplankton. Although diatoms can form colonies in the shape of filaments or ribbons, they are unicellular. They belong to the class Bacillariophyceae.

Lateral meristems surround the established stem of a plant and cause it to grow laterally (larger in diameter). Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem.

According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, this cross shows the progeny in the phenotypic ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. This is the law related to dihybrid cross.

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

It is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of acetylcholine and of some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters.

The germ layers develop early in embryonic life, through the process of gastrulation. During gastrulation, a hollow cluster of cells reorganises into two primary germ layers: an inner layer called endoderm and an outer layer called ectoderm. Endoderm being the inner layer, develops firstly.

Correct Answer: atlas vertebrae

Correct Answer: It prevents loss of water from stele.

As K⁺ levels increase in the guard cells, the water potential of the guard cells drops, and water enters the guard cells. The loss of water by the guard cells causes them to become flaccid and the stomatal opening to close.

The hardy lichens are useful bioindicators for air pollution, espeially sulphur dioxide pollution. They derive their water and essential nutrients mainly from the atmosphere, rather than from the soil. They are able to react to air pollutants all year round.

The 1 : 2 : 1 ratio is the result of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents.

In angiosperms, it is the central portion of the ovule in which the embryo sac develops. In some cases of apomixis (production of seeds without fertilisation), cells of the nucellus develop into an embryo. Perisperm is a mass of nutritive material that is outside the embryo sac.

The loops are generally the longest in mammals that reside in arid environments in order to excrete concentrated urine. Kangaroo rat that is found in the desert is an example.

Variations was the idea descibed by Hugo De Vries.

Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation is controlled by calcium. Calcium regulation is controlled by parathormone secreted by parathyroid glands.

Correct Answer: corona radiata, zona pellucida and vitelline membrane

It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.

Correct Answer: Ribosomes

Nitrite to nitrate is converted by Nitrobacter bacteria.

Archeopteryx is the connecting link (missing link) between reptiles and birds.

The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.

All of these metals cause diseases. Thus, they are harmful.

Digestion of proteins begins in the stomach (in the acidic phase) and continues in the duodenum or small intestine (in the alkaline phase). The digestion is completed here by the pancreatic and intestinal enzymes.

Correct Answer: water fleas

Correct Answer: their reproductive phase requires water

Provirus is the genetic material of a virus as it is incorporated into and is able to replicate with the genome of a host cell.

Pappus is the tuft of hairs on each seed of thistles, dandelions and similar plants. It assists in dispersal of seeds by the wind.