Life Processes in Biology

During photosynthesis carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrates and water is oxidized to release oxygen.

Opening and closure of the stomata pore is mediated by changes in the turgor pressure of the two guard cells. The turgor pressure of guard cells is controlled by movements of large quantities of ions and sugars into and out of the guard cells

This fluid is actually saliva which contains an enzyme salivary amylase.

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the stomach which activates enzyme pepsin into its active form.

Intestinal villi are small, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall. Villi increase the internal surface area of the intestinal walls. Increased surface area allows for increased intestinal wall area that is available for absorption.

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvic acid.

As the lactic acid system is anaerobic, there is no oxygen present. Pyruvic acid without the presence of oxygen forms lactic acid

Right part contains deoxygenated blood whereas left part contains oxygenated blood.

Phloem helps in movement of food material and xylem helps in movement of water across the plants.

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, thus enlarging the thoracic cavity (the external intercostal muscles also participate in this enlargement). This reduces intra-thoracic pressure: in other words, enlarging the cavity creates suction that draws air into the lungs.

Nephrons is the basic structural and functional unit of kidney.

Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.

Mitochondria are sometimes described as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

Bile is produced by liver and is stored in gall bladder.

The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) has the largest heart of any living creature. It can weigh over 1,500 lb (680 kg) and be as large as a small automobile

Because RBCs carry oxygen and transport it to whole body.

Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar.

  Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. These reactions require energy.

Fibers are the long, narrow supportive cells that provide tension strength without limiting flexibility. They are also found in xylem, and are the main component of many textiles such as paper, linen, and cotton.

Fish have a closed-loop circulatory system. The heart pumps the blood in a single loop throughout the body.