Health and Hygiene Test

Aetiology is the medical term for the study of the causes or origins of diseases. Pharmacology deals with drugs, pathology with the nature of diseases, and ornithology with birds.

Hormonal diseases occur when glands secrete too much or too little of a hormone, disrupting body functions. Other options refer to genetic or external causes.

A disease is defined as an abnormal condition that impairs bodily functions. Lesions are specific areas of tissue damage, not the condition itself.

Hereditary diseases are passed down from parents to offspring through genes. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, and deficiency diseases result from poor nutrition.

Human diseases are categorized as congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developed after birth).

Goitre is caused by an iodine deficiency affecting the thyroid gland's hormone production. Cholera is infectious, beri-beri is a vitamin deficiency, and albinism is genetic.

Infectious diseases are caused by the invasion of living organisms like bacteria, viruses, or fungi. These are also known as communicable diseases.

Deficiency diseases occur when the body does not receive enough essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, or proteins. Examples include scurvy and rickets.

Jaundice is a symptom of liver dysfunction, often associated with hepatitis, which is the inflammation of the liver.

Neoplastic diseases are characterized by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells, forming tumors (neoplasms).

Pathogens are biological agents, such as bacteria or viruses, that cause disease in their hosts.

Malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Male mosquitoes feed on plant nectar and do not bite humans.

Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system.

Vaccines are biological preparations that provide active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.

The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine is the standard vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis.

The DPT vaccine protects against Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), and Tetanus.

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.

Athlete's foot is a common fungal infection that typically affects the skin between the toes. It thrives in warm, moist environments.

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in, leading to an imbalance of electrolytes and water. It is a critical condition that can affect various bodily functions.

Hygiene is the branch of science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health through cleanliness and disease prevention. It encompasses personal and environmental practices.

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is a specific mixture of water, salts, and sugar used to treat dehydration, especially in children suffering from diarrhea.

Anorexia is a medical term referring to a loss of appetite or a refusal to eat. It can be a symptom of various underlying physical or psychological conditions.

Degenerative diseases are conditions where the function or structure of the affected tissues or organs progressively deteriorates over time, often associated with aging.

Rabies is known as hydrophobia because the virus causes severe muscle spasms in the throat when swallowing, leading patients to develop an intense fear of water.