Indian Geography and Demographics

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Area wise the second smallest state of India is Sikkim. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">With around 607,000 inhabitants as of 2011, Sikkim is the least populous state in India and the second-smallest state after Goa in total area, covering approximately 7,096 km² 

Ganges plain occupy area in the states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar. Among the largest cities of the Indo-Gangetic plain are Karachi, Hyderabad, Multan, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Lahore, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Jaipur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati and Dhaka. In this region, it is hard to define where one megalopolis begins and one ends.

The youngest rivers in Indian originate from Himalayas. Most of the other Himalayan Rivers drain the Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin. Its three main rivers are the Ganges and the Brahmaputra and the Yamuna, as well as other tributaries. The Brahmaputra originates as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in western Tibet, and flows east through Tibet and west through the plains of Assam. The Ganges and the Brahmaputra meet in Bangladesh, and drain into the Bay of Bengal through the world's largest river delta. 

Godavari is often referred to as “Dakshin Ganga’ or ‘Vridha Ganga’ as Godavari’s size and extent is large. Godavari is very Old River and it is also called Dakshin Ganga because of its length which is 1200km/ It is also called Vridh Ganga that means old. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Rajasthan receives very little rain because <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">the winds do not come across any barrier to cause the necessary uplift to cool the winds.  Parts of the western desert receive very little rain. The Aravali tends to experience a higher rainfall and lower temperature. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Sabarmati rises in the Aravallis. Sabarmati river rises in the Aravali hills, which roughly mark the western boundary of Udaipur District, i.e. Mount Abu area, and flows in a south-westerly direction. 

The western disturbances which cause winter rain in India originate in West Asia. Western Disturbance is the term used in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal to describe an extra tropical storm originating in the Mediterranean, that brings sudden winter rain and snow to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. The weather conditions during winter are generally influenced by the distribution pattern of pressure in Central and West Asia. 

The Indian States which have common borders with Pakistan are Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Rajasthan. India shares 3,323 km (including Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir sector) of its land border with Pakistan. This border runs along the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">The 'Santhal' tribe is not natives of <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Tripura. The Santal (also spelled as Santhal, are the largest tribal community in India, who live mainly in the states ofJharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Assam. There is also a significant Santal minority in neighboring Bangladesh, and a small population in Nepal. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Tribal groups constitute approximately 8.5% percentage of Indian population. Indigenous population are the most marginalised and vulnerable communities in India which constitutes 8.5 percent of India's total population, four times higher than the total population of Australia. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">During the period of the South-west Monsoon, Tamilnadu remains dry because <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">it lies parallel to the Coromandal coast. Tamil Nadu Coast remains mostly dry as it falls in the rain-shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch and is parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch. Rainfall does not take place continuously. After a few days of rainfall, a short spell of dry days is quite common. Thus, the Southwest monsoon season spreads over June to September in most of parts of India.

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">'Chenchu' tribals are mainly found in Andaman Islands. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=""> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Population status of these tribal people is not much known but, they are known for a unique culture, physical stature and occupation. These tribes of India had several sub groups but most of them disappeared over a period of time. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Yerukulas, Manna Dhora and Konda Kapus are tribes mainly found in Andhra Pradesh. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">As recognised in India's Constitution there are total of 645 district<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=""> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold="">Scheduled Tribes in India<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">. The term Scheduled Tribes refers to specific indigenous peoples whose status is acknowledged to some formal degree by national legislation. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Kerela <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold="">has the highest sex ratio in India as per 2001 census. As the d<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">ata given by the Census of India 2001 and 2011 results states that Kerala has the highest sex ratio while Haryana has the lowest sex ratio among states and Daman & Diu has the lowest among all states and territories. Kerala has 1058 women per 1000 men. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold="">Daman and Diu has the lowest sex ratio in India. As the d<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">ata given by the Census of India 2001 and 2011 results states that Kerala has the highest sex ratio while Haryana has the lowest sex ratio among states and Daman & Diu has the lowest among all states and territories. Daman and Diu has 709 women per 1000 men. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Lakshadweep Islands are situated in Arabian Sea<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">The Lakshadweep islands are located in the Arabian Sea, at a distance of 220 to 440 Kilometers away from Kochi- one of the coastal cities in the state of Kerala. 

Jadugoda mines are famous for uranium deposits. The Jaduguda mine (also spelt as Jadugoda or Jadugora) is a uranium mine in Jaduguda village in the Purbi Singhbhum district of the Indian state of Jharkhand. It commenced operations in 1967 and was the first uranium mine in India. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Onge <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">tribes live in Andaman Islands. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">The Onge are one of the Andamanese indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands. In the 18th century the Onge were distributed across Little Andaman Island and the nearby islands, with some territory and camps established on Rutland Island and the southern tip of South Andaman Island. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">The landmass of India comprises approximately 2.6% percent of total world landmass. India in area comprises of <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#f9f9f9;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">3,166,414<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=""> km²<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#f9f9f9;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=""> of land where land is about 2,973,193<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=""> km²<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#f9f9f9;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=""> and water area is about 314,070<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=""> km². 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">The correct sequence in the ascending order of the given cities in terms of altitude above mean sea level is <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Chennai, Marmugao, Mumbai, and Kolkata. Height of Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata above sea level is 6.7 metres (22 ft). 14 metres(46 ft) and more than 5metres respectively. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:#fffbfb;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Andaman Islands are situated in Bay of Bengal. T<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">he Andaman Islands are a group of Indian Ocean archipelagic islands in the Bay of Bengal, between the Indian peninsula to the west and Burma to the north and east. Most of the islands are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India, while a small number in the north of the archipelago belong to Burma. 

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold="">The three largest states of India in the correct descending order are <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra where Rajasthan covers an area of 342240 km², Maharashtra has 307713 km² and Madhya Pardesh has an area of 308144 km².