Human Biology and Anatomy

Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are constantly being produced and released from marrow tissue. Leukocytes, or white blood cells are also produced in the bone marrow.

Pancreas secretes two hormones called insulin and glucagon, which convert excessive glucose into glycogen and glycogen into glucose.

Blood does not clot inside the body because if a person's blood contains antigen a, then serum must contain anybody b, serum should not contain antibody a otherwise the person's blood will agglutinate.

The cerebrum (or forebrain), which makes up 75% of the brain by volume and 85% by weight, is divided by a large groove, known as the longitudinal fissure, into two distinct hemispheres.  

The normal body temperature of a normal man is 37 degree centigrade or 98.6 degree fahrenheit.

The upper Blood Pressure Number is the Systolic, Which is the force of blood in your arteries when you heart beats.

The majority of phosphorus found in the body is bound up with calcium in the bones as calcium phosphate, accounting for around 80% of the bodily total. The main component of bones and teeth is Calcium phosphate.

Cells are the fundamental units of life. The nucleus stores its genetic material in packages called chromosomes. Most people have 46 chromosomes in each cell—23 from their mother and 23 from their father.

Memory traces for events are believed to be stored throughout the brain, including areas of the cerebral cortex that are associated with a given memory. For instance, the occipital lobe is associated with vision, and thus a memory involving a visual component will eventually be stored at least in part in the occipital cortex.

The gluteus maximus or buttock muscle is the biggest of the 639 named muscles in the human body.

Iron has long been known to be important for red blood cell function because of its fundmanetal role in the haemoglobin molecule. Haemoglobin is the molecule that carries oxygen to the tissues from the lungs and returns with carbon dioxide from the cells. It is closely related to myoglobin, which is responsible for energy production in the muscles.

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloproteinin the red blood cells of all vertebrates as well as the tissues of some invertebrates. Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (lungs or gills) to the rest of the body (i.e. the tissues) where it releases the oxygen to burn nutrients to provide energy to power the functions of the organism, and collects the resultant carbon dioxide to bring it back to the respiratory organs to be dispensed from the organism.

The diaphragm assists in Respiration. When the scalenes and external intercostals contract while the diaphragm descends, your lungs inhale air. When your abdominal muscles contract and the diaphragm rises, you exhale.

Tears are secretions that clean and lubricate the eyes. Lacrimation or Lachrymation means the production or shedding of tears. Strong emotions such as sorrow or elation, awe, pleasure, irritation of the eyes, laughing and yawning may lead to an increased production of tears or crying.

A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. They are thread-like bodies that occur in the nuclei which carry the genetic code.

The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, as well as sexual function and reproductive processes. This system consists of a network of ductless glands that regulate and balance the body's hormones, PH, temperature and assimilation of light. The endocrine glands include the pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, gonads (ovaries and testes) and adrenals

The brain is the control center of the body. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of neurons. This system is responsible for sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body. The nervous system monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment.

Universal Donor is a person who has blood of group O and whose blood may be safely transfused to persons with most other blood types.

Enzymes are protein molecules that are made by all plant and animal cells. Enzymes are catalysts. A catalyst makes chemical reactions occur in a more optimum manner. Digestive enzymes cause food that we eat to be broken down much faster, and much more effectively, than would occur without them. Enzymes help in Digestion of food.

Functions of kidneys are as follows:
(a) Filtering out wastes to be excreted in the urine
(b) Regulating blood pressure via both urinary excretion of wastes and initiating the rennin-angiotensen hormone regulatory system
(c) Regulating an acid-base balance via the bicarbonate system
(d) Stimulating red blood cell production via the release of the hormone erythropoietin

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a polypeptide or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains.

The pituitary gland is sometimes called the master gland of the endocrine system, because it controls the functions of the other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland is no larger than a pea, and is located at the base of the brain.

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and of all mammals. In the average adult it weighs around six pounds, which is nearly twice the weight of the human brain or liver.

Eating a balanced diet means choosing a wide variety of foods and drinks from all the food groups. It also means eating certain things in moderation, namely saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, refined sugar, salt and alcohol. The goal is to take in nutrients you need for health at the recommended levels. A balanced diet contains food nutrients for growth and maintenance.

Digestion involves mixing food with digestive juices, moving it through the digestive tract, and breaking down large molecules of food into smaller molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth, when you chew and swallow, and is completed in the small intestine.