Life Sciences and Astronomy - 4

Pea soup diarrhoea is the feature of Typhoid fever. This is an acute bacterial disease caused by Salmonella typhi. Typhoid germs are passed in the feces and, to some extent, the urine of infected people. The germs are spread by eating or drinking water or food contaminated by feces (or urine) from the infected individual.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium. Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal) in women and men. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.

Bode law is a hypothesis that the bodies in some orbital systems, including the Sun's, orbit at semi-major axes in a function of planetary sequence. The hypothesis correctly predicted the orbits of Ceres and Uranus, but failed as a predictor of Neptune's orbit. According to this law each planet tends to the roughly twice as far from the sun as its next Sunward neighbor.

A planet which orbits the Sun outside of the Earth's orbit. The superior planets are Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and most of the minor planets. Mercury and Venus, on the other hand, are inferior planets because they orbit the Sun inside the Earth's orbit. Superior planets orbit the Sun more slowly than the Earth, and experience oppositions and superior conjunctions.

Hyperparathyroidism leads to elevated calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia), which increases the amount of calcium excreted in urine, significantly raising the risk of renal calculi (kidney stones). Other options like scurvy or diabetes are not primary causes of stone formation.

If one can diagnose urethritis and cervicitis, the disease is most likely to be Gonorrhea. Most of the time, a urine test can be used to test for gonorrhea. However, if a person has had oral and/or anal sex, swabs may be used to collect samples from the throat and/or rectum. In some cases, a swab may be used to collect a sample from a man's urethra (urine canal) or a woman's cervix (opening to the womb).

APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment) was India's first experimental communication satellite, launched in 1981 by the Ariane rocket from the European Space Agency's site in French Guiana.

Excessive thirst or polydipsia is a hallmark symptom of Diabetes Insipidus, a condition where the kidneys cannot conserve water due to lack of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) or kidney resistance to it. Hyperthyroidism causes increased appetite and heat intolerance. Pheochromocytoma causes episodic hypertension. Cushion's syndrome (likely Cushing's syndrome) causes weight gain and moon face. The extreme thirst specifically points to Diabetes Insipidus.

Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscle to bone, allowing for movement. Ligaments, by contrast, connect bone to bone.

The average daily production of saliva in a healthy adult human is typically estimated to be between 1 and 1.5 litres, with 1.5 litres being the standard textbook value.

Standard dietary guidelines for an adult working man often suggest a ratio of carbohydrates to proteins that aligns with 600 grams of carbohydrates and 420 grams of protein to meet caloric and metabolic needs.

The normal pH range for human arterial blood is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45. Among the choices, 7.45 is the only value within the physiological range.

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of several proteins (clotting factors) required for the blood coagulation process.

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, typically caused by abnormally high pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure).

The lowest pair of ribs in the human body is known as Floating ribs .Floating ribs are four a typical ribs (two lower most pairs, XI-XII) in the human ribcage. They are called so because they are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off the sternum.

The human vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae at birth, but these fuse into 26 distinct bones in adulthood (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, and 1 coccyx).

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes brain cells to degenerate and die, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline.

An optical system with astigmatism is one where rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes have different foci. If an optical system with astigmatism is used to form an image of a cross, the vertical and horizontal lines will be in sharp focus at two different distances. Astigmatism is a state in which one cannot see both the vertical and horizontal lines simultaneously.

French polio is Guillain- Barré syndrome (GBS) causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis (the complete inability to use a particular muscle or muscle group), which develops over days or up to four weeks, and lasts several weeks or even months.

Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. In South Korea Scientists are successful in creation of Human Embryo by the process of cloning.

The human heart has four chambers connected by valves. We have 2 smaller chambers on the upper half of our heart and two larger chambers on the bottom of our heart. The smaller chambers are called atria; the larger chambers are called ventricles. So we refer to these chambers as right and left atrium, and right and left ventricle.

A viscera test (or visceral analysis) is a forensic procedure performed during an autopsy to analyze internal organs for the presence of poisons or toxic substances in cases of suspected poisoning.